Abstract
Abstract Bengkulu is one of 10 provinces in Indonesia, which became a center of oil palm production. The aim of the study is to define how the determinant factors influence the oil palm smallholder farmer’s adaptation strategies on climate change in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Binary logistic regression method was employed to clarify the independent variables that influence farmers’ strategy adapted to climate change. Farmer experience and their household expenditure have the positive and significant effect on cropping diversification, while oil palm price has a positive influence in using land clearing without slash and burning. The factors that most influence the farmers' adaptation to climate change are farmer’s cooperation membership and membership of farmer group for agricultural extension. Because of their education and experience, they are not an important determinant on strategies adapted to climate change, but the farmer’s group for agricultural extension was very important in the adoption of comprehensive adaptation strategies to climate change, thus the understanding and skill of implementing strategies adapted to climate change among smallholder farmers needs improving by government extension agency. Therefore, ensuring access to information on climate change through extension agents is believed to create awareness and favorable conditions to adopt farming practices suited to climate change. It also means that improving the knowledge and skills of extension service personnel about climate change and adaptation strategies, and making the extension services more accessible to farmers is strongly recommended. For future work, new research involving more area with diversified ownership can be performed, not only smallholder farmer ownership but also private and state corporation ones. Moreover, the study about government action and policy for accelerating farmer's adaptation is important to be executed in the future.
Highlights
Over the years, large areas of primary and secondary forest have been cut or burned down to make way for oil palm plantations, in Indonesia and Malaysia, the two countries that produce 80.5 percent of the world’s palm oil
The farmer ’s strategies adapted to climate change at the farm level have been studied by researchers in Indonesia, but generally those studies are conducted in cereal and horticulture crops farming (Widiyanti & Dittmann, 2014; Sukma, 2012; Kurniawati, 2011; Permana, 2013; Siburian, 2009; Candradijaya, 2015; Sukartini & Solihin, 2013; Festiani, 2011), while a similar study to palm oil farming has not been carried out yet
Climate change adaptation at the farm level may take the form of an action or a certain action as strategies adapted to climate change, even though they could not explicitly identify what they did as a form of adaptation and mitigation on climate change (Bhaktikul, 2012)
Summary
Large areas of primary and secondary forest have been cut or burned down to make way for oil palm plantations, in Indonesia and Malaysia, the two countries that produce 80.5 percent of the world’s palm oil. To tackle the many complex sociopolitical issues surrounding the industry, a variety of regulations, and campaigns have been developed by governments and non-governmental organizations (NGO) over the years attempting to create a more sustainable industry, partly in response to pressure from the environmental community (Ivancic & Koh, 2016) Responding to this pressure, Indonesia, the biggest palm oil world producer, launched mitigation actions on climate change by smallholder farmers in 2010 (Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, 2010). Adaptation is intangible intrinsic properties of farmer households that depends on 430 ♦ Determinants of oil palm smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategy to climate change in Bengkulu, Indonesia many specific factors (Rurinda et al, 2014; Vervoort et al, 2014). The study of how oil palm smallholders take strategies adapted to climate change is important to be executed
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