Determinants of Neonatal Jaundice among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Public General Hospitals of Central Zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2019: a Case-Control Study.

Guesh Gebreayezgi Asefa,Teklay Guesh Gebrewahid,Kidane Zereabruk,Mengistu Welday Gebremichael,Brhane Hagos Beyene,Fissahatekulu Welay,Surafel Aregawi Hadera,Fsaha Gebretsadkan Tekulu,Merhawi Birhane,Ebud Ayele Dagnazgi,Woldu Aberhe Abrha,Teklewoini Mariye Zemicheal,Areaya Gebreegzabiher Hailu,Abrha Hailay,Hailemariam Nuguse,Muhammad Hassham Hassan Bin Asad

doi:10.1155/2020/4743974

Abstract

Background Neonatal jaundice is common a clinical problem worldwide. Globally, every year, about 1.1 million babies develop severe hyperbilirubinemia with or without bilirubin encephalopathy and the vast majority reside in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Strategies and information on determinants of neonatal jaundice in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. So, investigating determinant factors of neonatal jaundice has paramount importance in mitigating jaundice-related neonatal morbidity and mortality. Methodology. Hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted by reviewing medical charts of 272 neonates in public general hospitals of the central zone of Tigray, northern Ethiopia. The sample size was calculated using Epi Info version 7.2.2.12, and participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. One year medical record documents were included in the study. Data were collected through a data extraction format looking on the cards. Data were entered to the EpiData Manager version 4.4.2.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association between independent and dependent variables. Variables at p value less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered to a multivariable analysis to identify the determinant factors of jaundice. The level of significance was declared at p value <0.05. Results A total of 272 neonatal medical charts were included. Obstetric complication (AOR: 5.77; 95% CI: 1.85-17.98), low birth weight (AOR: 4.27; 95% CI:1.58-11.56), birth asphyxia (AOR: 4.83; 95% CI: 1.617-14.4), RH-incompatibility (AOR: 5.45; 95% CI: 1.58-18.74), breastfeeding (AOR: 6.11; 95% CI: 1.71-21.90) and polycythemia (AOR: 7.32; 95% CI: 2.51-21.311) were the determinants of neonatal jaundice. Conclusion Obstetric complication, low birth weight, birth asphyxia, RH-incompatibility, breastfeeding, and polycythemia were among the determinants of neonatal jaundice. Hence, early prevention and timely treatment of neonatal jaundice are important since it was a cause of long-term complication and death in neonates.

Highlights

Jaundice is derived from the French word Juan which means yellow [1]
Every year, about 1.1 million babies would develop severe hyperbilirubinemia with or without bilirubin encephalopathy, and the majority resides in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of neonatal jaundice among neonates admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit PROM (NICU) in the public general hospitals of the central zone of Tigray, Ethiopia

Summary

Introduction

Jaundice is derived from the French word Juan which means yellow [1]. Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, and mucosa caused by excess accumulation of bilirubin in the tissue and plasma (serum bilirubin level should be in excess 7 mg/dl). Every year, about 1.1 million babies would develop severe hyperbilirubinemia with or without bilirubin encephalopathy, and the majority resides in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Every year, about 1.1 million babies develop severe hyperbilirubinemia with or without bilirubin encephalopathy and the vast majority reside in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Variables at p value less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered to a multivariable analysis to identify the determinant factors of jaundice. Obstetric complication (AOR: 5.77; 95% CI: 1.85-17.98), low birth weight (AOR: 4.27; 95% CI:1.58-11.56), birth asphyxia (AOR: 4.83; 95% CI: 1.617-14.4), RHincompatibility (AOR: 5.45; 95% CI: 1.58-18.74), breastfeeding (AOR: 6.11; 95% CI: 1.71-21.90) and polycythemia (AOR: 7.32; 95% CI: 2.51-21.311) were the determinants of neonatal jaundice. Low birth weight, birth asphyxia, RH-incompatibility, breastfeeding, and polycythemia were among the determinants of neonatal jaundice. Early prevention and timely treatment of neonatal jaundice are important since it was a cause of long-term complication and death in neonates

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Conclusion