Abstract
BackgroundMulti-drug resistance (MDR) has been a cause of concern for tuberculosis (TB) control in both developed and developing countries. This study described the characteristics and risk factors associated with MDR-TB among 287 cases and 291 controls in Henan province, China.MethodsA hospital-based case-control study was conducted between June 2012 and December 2013. The study subjects were selected using multistage probability sampling. Multivariate conditional logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors associated with MDR-TB.ResultsThe following risk factors for MDR-TB were identified: previous TB treatment (AOR = 4.51, 95 % CI: 3.55–5.56), male sex (AOR = 1.09, 95 % CI: 0.24–1.88), high school or lower education degree (AOR = 1.87, 95 % CI: 1.27–2.69), unemployment (AOR = 1.30, 95 % CI: 0.78–2.52), long distance of residence from the health facility (AOR = 6.66,95 % CI: 5.92–7.72), smoking (AOR = 2.07, 95 % CI: 1.66–3.19), poor knowledge regarding MDR-TB (AOR = 2.06, 95 % CI: 1.66–2.92), traveling by foot to reach the health facility (AOR = 1.85, 95 % CI: 1.12–3.09), estimated amount of time to reach the health facility was greater than 3 h (AOR = 1.42, 95 % CI: 0.51–2.35), social stigma (AOR = 1.17, 95 % CI: 0.27–2.03), having an opportunistic infection (AOR = 1.45, 95 % CI: 0.58–2.4), more than 3 TB foci in the lungs (AOR = 1.98, 95 % CI: 1.49–3.25), total time of first treatment was more than 8 months (AOR = 1.39, 95 % CI: 0.65–2.54), adverse effects of anti-TB medication (AOR = 2.39, 95 % CI: 1.40–3.26), and more than 3 prior episodes of anti-TB treatment (AOR = 1.83, 95 % CI: 1.26–2.80).ConclusionThe identified risk factors should be given priority in TB control programs. Additionally, there is a compelling need for better management and control of MDR-TB, particularly through increasing laboratory capacity, regular screening, enhancing drug sensitivity testing, novel MDR-TB drug regimens, and adherence to medication.
Highlights
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) has been a cause of concern for tuberculosis (TB) control in both developed and developing countries
There is a compelling need for better management and control of MDR-TB, through increasing laboratory capacity, regular screening, enhancing drug sensitivity testing, novel MDR-TB drug regimens, and adherence to medication
Factors associated with MDR-TB There was a very large difference in previous TB treatment history between the cases and controls: 214 (74.36) cases had previously been treated for TB, whereas only 127 (43.82) controls had a previous TB treatment history
Summary
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) has been a cause of concern for tuberculosis (TB) control in both developed and developing countries. This study described the characteristics and risk factors associated with MDR-TB among 287 cases and 291 controls in Henan province, China. Tuberculosis (TB), which is an infectious airborne disease, is a major health problem worldwide. TB is the second most lethal disease, only to AIDS [1, 2]. A growing concern is the development of multi drug resistant (MDR) forms of TB, which have developed due to partial or incomplete treatments. In China, 6 % of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates are resistant to isoniazid, and 1 % of isolates are multidrug resistant [3]; MDR-TB has become a major public health problem and an obstacle to global TB control [4].
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