Determinants of Long-Term Sexual Health Outcome After Radical Prostatectomy Measured by a Validated Instrument

Abstract

We combined the strengths of previous patient reported studies (that is use of a validated instrument) with the assets of previous single surgeon, physician reported series (that is prospective collection of operative data) by performing a multiple surgeon study to identify demographic and operative determinants of post-prostatectomy sexual health related quality of life outcomes. Sexual outcome was measured after prostatectomy in 671 prostate cancer cases with a followup of 4 to 52 months treated by any of 7 urologists at a high volume medical center and 112 age matched controls by cross-sectional health related quality of life assessment using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite validated questionnaire. Multivariable ANCOVA was done to identify the baseline determinants affecting post-prostatectomy sexual health outcomes among 17 clinical and demographic factors. Factors independently associated with better sexual health outcome in patients included younger age (p <0.0001), nerve sparing technique (p <0.0001), time since prostatectomy (p = 0.0001), smaller prostate size (p = 0.003), higher education level (p = 0.02), and higher household income (p = 0.02). Orgasm was achieved at a higher rate than erection. In controls only age (p = 0.0004) and having a partner (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with sexual health. Larger prostate size adversely affected sexual health outcome after radical prostatectomy independent of all other measured factors. Patient sexual outcome did not differ significantly among surgeons who performed a broad range of such procedures yearly, suggesting that surgical expertise cannot be measured simply by the number of such operations that a surgeon performs. Stratifying patient reported sexual function by the principal determinants of age, nerve sparing and prostate size provides a basis for counseling patients.