Abstract
This article identifies the determinants of labor productivity of Malian firms using 2007-2015 panel data. These data were collected by the World Bank in 2016 from industrial companies and services. The Hausman test made it possible to choose the composite error panel model for the estimation. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between capital intensity, commodity imports and labor productivity. Labor productivity decreases with the number of years the manager has spent at the head of the company, the use of new information and communication technologies, and the purchase of fixed assets. We also find that formal firms seem to have higher productivity when confronted with stronger local informal competition. Overall, 79.5 percent of companies reported power outages. Power outages have a negative impact on labor productivity.
Highlights
Social media use which is reaching its peak among adults of the developed world for participation in digital political spheres (Correa et al, 2010) has become the part and parcel of the life of urban citizens of developing world for political engagement (Poushter et al, 2018), and this new political behavior has accelerated the process of political communication engaging participants in commenting and sharing of political content (Cherubini and Nielsen, 2016)
The results demonstrated that the political engagement of individuals through social media is completely mediating the relationship between social media use and political party-based polarization, leadership-based polarization, and issue-based polarization
Social media is serving as the platform for the dissemination of political information
Summary
Social media use which is reaching its peak among adults of the developed world for participation in digital political spheres (Correa et al, 2010) has become the part and parcel of the life of urban citizens of developing world for political engagement (Poushter et al, 2018), and this new political behavior has accelerated the process of political communication engaging participants in commenting and sharing of political content (Cherubini and Nielsen, 2016). In the 2018 elections of Pakistan, a tremendous surge was found in the use of social media due to its polyvocality; all leading political parties, renowned and active candidates, political workers, and even the supporters exploited this ubiquitous source of communication, Facebook and Twitter, to achieve their goals. They propagated the agendas and manifesto of their parties and lead campaigns against the opponents by criticizing their political and personal offenses (Jarral, 2018). This study has attempted to explain the relationship between social media use and political polarization by examining adults’ political engagement on Facebook and Twitter
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