Determinants of knowledge regarding folic acid in periconceptional use among pregnant mothers in Southern India

Abstract

Periconceptional supplementation with folic acid has been shown to decrease the occurrence of neural tube defects (anencephaly, encephalocele and spina bifida). Earlier studies , conducted worldwide to assess patient's knowledge regarding periconceptional use of folic acid showed that the overall knowledge about its use among pregnant mothers was low. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge regarding periconceptional use of folic acid and to determine factors influencing knowledge about folic acid among pregnant women. In the sample studied, 36.6% of study population had heard about folic acid and among them 33.3% could correctly state the effect of folic acid when used periconceptionally. Among those who had heard about folic acid, 80% believed that it should be taken only after confirmation of pregnancy. Low levels of education was associated with less knowledge regarding folic acid, and the difference was statistically significant (OR 4.86, 95% CI 1.74-13.61). Low socio economic status was also significantly associated with poor knowledge (OR 2.371, 95% CI 1.11- 5.05).The overall knowledge regarding periconceptional use of folic acid among a rural study population was poor. Health education regarding periconceptional use of folic acid among newly married couples may improve knowledge and hence its acceptance in the prevention of neural tube defects. Qualitative assessment regarding knowledge and beliefs also revealed the misconception about role of folic acid and food items containing folic acid among the study population.