Abstract
The main theme of the paper is the well-known problem of glaucoma which is the main cause of blindness worldwide and is also considered a major public health issue. It is usually associated with intraocular pressure above the normal range. The normal range is considered to be 10-21mmHg. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for the development and/or progression of glaucoma, and intraocular pressure reduction is a well-known treatment strategy for slowing the progression of the disease. The objective of this article is to identify factors/covariates which affect intraocular pressure on glaucoma patients taking into consideration various demographic, socio-economic, and clinical factors. A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted; the study was based on data from all glaucoma patients who visit at least 3 times repeatedly six waves from January 2016 to December 2018 at Menelik II Referral Hospital Eye Clinic. Profile plots, univariate and multivariate linear mixed effect models were used to explore the major risk factors for the progression of intraocular pressure of a patient. The predictor variables gender (p-value=0.0218), occupation (p-value=0.0025), blood pressure (p-value, 0.0263), diabetes (p-value=0.0139), ocular problem (p-value=0.0290) and type of treatment (p-value=0.0176) found statistically significant effects on intraocular pressure of glaucoma patient. The interaction effects, i.e. time with age (p-value<.0001), time with ocular problem (p-value=0.0002), time with cataract surgery (p-value=0.0002), time with duration of treatment (p-value=0.0014) and time with type of treatment (p-value=0.0262) were found statistically significant on intraocular pressure of glaucoma patient.
Highlights
Glaucoma refers to a group of eye conditions that lead to damage to the Optic nerve head with progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons
The patients of average intraocular pressure is 31.61 with a standard deviation of 12.17, and the average age in the year of glaucoma patients included in this study is 55.23 with a standard deviation of 13.96, the minimum age in year 32 and maximum age in year 79
When we compare the average intraocular pressure (IOP) of a patient (3.73) with a patient who has no ocular problem and who has other ocular problems we find that no ocular problem is 3.73(P-value=0.0151) times lower than other ocular problem keeping the effects of the other variables constant
Summary
Glaucoma refers to a group of eye conditions that lead to damage to the Optic nerve head with progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. The angleǁ‖ in both cases refers to the drainage angle inside the eye that controls the outflow of the watery fluid (aqueous) that is continually being produced inside the eye [1]. Intraocular pressure is the fluid pressure inside the eye and tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine this. The tonometer is calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) [2]. Glaucoma is usually associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) above the normal range. The normal range is considered to be 10-21mmHg. We can define glaucoma as IOP above 21mmHg in an eye
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