Determinants of International Migration in Pakistan

Muhammad Farooq,Shahnaz Tariq,Faria Ibad Mirza,Furdous Ghulzar,Fara Riaz

doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p2028

Abstract

This study was designed to examine the determinants of international migration which were inspired/compelled the people of lower wages countries to higher wages countries in order to improve their socio-economic status at origin. The movement of labor from agricultural and sick industrial sectors is a universal phenomenon which is affiliated of economic modernization and development. Traditional migration models overlook many potential interactions between migration and development. In Pakistani society, the poor economic opportunities, resources inequality and demographic behaviour are the main determinants of international migration. The main objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the Socio-economic status of the respondents and determinants of international migration. The present study was carried out in Faisalabad cit and four Tehsils of Faisalabad District (Faisalabad, Jaranwala, Thandlianwala and Samundri). Both the urban and rural areas were consisted of eight circle areas from the city and eight villages from four tehsiles. Basic census was done by the researcher to draw the sample. Six hundred respondents were interviewed from eight circle areas of the city and eight villages from four tehsiles. Probit model technique proved that individuals from less resources communities were migrated to Middle East and European countries in order to improve their household income. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p2028

Highlights

International migration in Pakistan nowadays is becoming one of the most obvious as well as influential social factors, which is profoundly changing the current social system, economic system and the society as a whole
This study examines the determinants of international migration generally from Pakistan and in Faisalabad district
Pull factors illustrate as the findings indicate that 70% of the migrants migrated from origin to destination for better employment with regard to enhance the household income, whereas 21% migrants left their origin for educational purposes

Summary

Introduction

International migration in Pakistan nowadays is becoming one of the most obvious as well as influential social factors, which is profoundly changing the current social system, economic system and the society as a whole. Migration from under-developing countries and particular from Pakistan to abroad may take place because agricultural and sick industrial sectors are unable to provide livelihood to the people and village living condition may be intolerable. In looking at the causes of international migration, the key question is why certain people move while human nature appears so strongly to mitigate uprooting. This is the consequence of economic globalization and market penetration (IOM, 2000). International migration may help reduce pressure on agricultural and industrial sectors, provide positive opportunities for the Pakistani unemployed and underemployed, and raising their living standards and livelihood prospects at the household and community levels in urban as well as rural areas in Pakistan. Push and pull factors are those factors which either forcefully push people into migration or attract them to an area

Objectives

Results

Conclusion