Abstract
Air-passenger flow, denoting intercity connections, has been a focal point of studies pertaining to urban networks. While most existing studies include only the geoeconomic characteristics of nodes as explanatory variables, this analysis developed a gravity model by incorporating further factors (e.g., cultural disparity and institutional disparity) that might influence air-passenger flows in the “Belt and Road” region. The primary findings are as follows: (1) The cultural and institutional disparities correlate negatively with the air-passenger flows in this region; (2) air-passenger flows are positively related to border, population and economy size, and economic disparity; (3) flows tend to first increase and then subsequently decrease as geographical distance increases; (4) the impact of the factors on the flows varies by subregion. This study could serve as a reference for those interested in gaining a greater insight into air-passenger flows and could also help improve regional strategies for air-transportation development.
Highlights
In November 2013, the Chinese government implemented the “Belt and Road” initiative (BRI, hereafter) which aims to improve the connectivity and regional cooperation between the BRI countries
Regression Results in the Subregions. e regression in subregions is conducted under Model 1, and the adjusted R-squared is shown in Table 4. ree striking observations can be made here: (1) In general, the R2 on the diagonal is higher than that on the nondiagonals, indicating that the model is relatively more applicable in explaining the flows within the subregions; (2) in the intrasubregional linkages, the regression model is more applicable in interpreting the flows within Southeast and South Asia, with R2 being 0.553 and 0.543, respectively
Regarding the flows within and between East Asia and other subregions, trade has negative impacts. This analysis hypothesized about the impacts of cultural disparity (CD), ID, Geographical distance (GD), and economic disparity (ED) on the air-passenger flow formation in the BRI region
Summary
In November 2013, the Chinese government implemented the “Belt and Road” initiative (BRI, hereafter) which aims to improve the connectivity and regional cooperation between the BRI countries. Us, these external factors are more pivotal to the actual evolution of the aviation network structure These factors are conducted from the node and edge aspects: (1) From the node aspect, population and economic size enormously influence the passenger flows, as a specific number of passengers and the ability of Complexity meeting demands are critical to the aviation network structure [6,7,8,9]; (2) from the edge aspect, geographical distance (which can trigger cost increments) and the border (which can cause the boundary effect) between nodes affect the formation of the air-transport network [10, 11]. Regulation by complicated cognitive and normative institutions is a prominent part of the business flows in BRI countries and should be incorporated as key factors
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