Abstract
Background: Vaccination is a global success story, one of the most effective and successful health interventions for health and development, saving the lives of millions of children every year. In 2018, nearly 870,000 Ethiopian children did not receive the life-saving measles, diphtheria, and tetanus vaccines. This study aimed to determine what factors influence children's immunization status in Ethiopia. Methods: Immunization status was examined in a sample of 1843 children aged 12-24 months using data from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019. Percentages were used to show the prevalence of immunization status among children. The marginal likelihood effect was used to determine the impact of each category of the explanatory variable on one response category of immunization status. Ordinal logistic regression models were constructed, and the best-fitting model was selected to identify significant immunization status variables. Results: The prevalence of immunization status among children was found to be 72.2% (34.2% fully immunized and 38.0% partially immunized), while about 27.8% of children were non-immunized. The fitted partial proportional odds model revealed that child immunization status was significantly associated with region afar (OR = 7.90; CI: 4.78-11.92), family planning use (OR = 0.69; CI: 0.54-0.88), residence (OR = 2.22;CI: 1.60-3.09), antenatal visit (OR = 0.73;CI: 0.53-0.99), and delivery place (OR = 0.65;CI: 0.50-0.84). Conclusions: Vaccinating children was a significant step forward in improving and protecting child health in Ethiopia. The study showed that the prevalence of non-immunized children varied between rural (33.6%) and uneducated mothers (36.6%). As a result, it is agreeable that treatments are better to focus on targeting essential childhood vaccinations by promoting maternal education, antenatal visits, and maternal access to health care.
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