Determinants of hyperuricemia in non-dialysed chronic kidney disease patients in three hospitals in Cameroon

Marie Doualla,Jude Moutchia,Steve Tegang,Marie Patrice Halle,Gloria Ashuntantang

doi:10.1186/s12882-018-0959-5

Marie Doualla, Jude Moutchia + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-0959-5

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Journal: BMC Nephrology	Publication Date: Jul 9, 2018
Citations: 9	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Université de Yaoundé I, University of Douala

Abstract

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a substantial health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, with risk factors ranging from communicable to non-communicable diseases. Hyperuricemia has been recently identified as a factor of progression of CKD. Identifying factors associated with hyperuricemia in CKD patients would help determine interventions to reduce CKD mortality, particularly in resources limited countries. We sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hyperuricemia in non-dialysed CKD adult patients in Cameroon.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of non-dialysed CKD patients, conducted in 3 referral nephrology units in Cameroon. Relevant clinical and laboratory data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Serum uric acid, spot urine protein and spot urine creatinine were assessed. Associations between variables were assessed using multivariate analysis. Level of statistical significance was set at α < 0.05.ResultsA sample of 103 participants was included. Mean age of study participants was 55.78 ± 12.58 years, and 59.3% were men. Sixty-nine (67%) had hyperuricemia. Patient’s age (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03–1.13), estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90–0.98), spot urine protein-creatinine ratio (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.07–3.12), no hypertension (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02–0.46), urate lowering therapy (OR: 4.99, 95% CI: 1.54–16.16), loop diuretics (OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.01–11.42), obesity (OR: 6.12, 95% CI: 1.15–32.55) and no anaemia (OR: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.00–0.29) were independently significantly associated with hyperuricemia.ConclusionsIn this sample of non-dialysed CKD patients in Cameroon, about 7 out of 10 had hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia was independently associated with patient’s age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, spot urine protein-creatinine ratio, hypertension, urate lowering therapy, loop diuretics, obesity and anaemia. More studies are required to establish causal relationships between these associations.

Highlights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a substantial health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, with risk factors ranging from communicable to non-communicable diseases
Out of the 198 non-dialysed CKD patients aged 20 years and above who attended our study sites during the study period, 2 patients were excluded for chronic liver disease, one patient excluded for haemoglobinopathy, and one patient excluded for cancer
Of the 194 eligible CKD patients approached for participation in the study, 103 patients gave consent and were included into study; a participation rate of 53.1%

Summary

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a substantial health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, with risk factors ranging from communicable to non-communicable diseases. We sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hyperuricemia in non-dialysed CKD adult patients in Cameroon. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a substantial health burden in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with an estimated prevalence of 13.9% [1]. Risk factors of CKD in SSA range from communicable to non-communicable diseases [1, 2]. Hyperuricemia has been recently identified as a factor of progression of CKD [10,11,12].

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