Abstract
This study aimed to identify and rank the different aspects of households' vulnerability to food insecurity. The data were collected by a standard online questionnaire. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale was used to assess food insecurity levels, and first-order structural equation modelling was applied to determine factors that affect food insecurity. Seven dimensions of vulnerability were measured: economic, social, cultural, human, physical, psychology and information, using thirty-seven items extracted from the related literature review. This study was implemented in Tehran province in Iran. The sample included 392 families residing in Tehran province which was determined using random sampling. About 61 % of the total sample faced food insecurity, at marginal, moderate and severe levels. Economic, psychological and human aspects of vulnerability had the highest effect on food insecurity during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. Authorities and policymakers must provide economic and financial support to vulnerable households. Abolition of US economic and financial sanctions imposed on Iran must be implemented to battle with COVID-19 in this country.
Highlights
A study showed that, in the earliest and short-term stage of this pandemic disease, about 57 % of Iranian households in this province faced food insecurity[18]. This comparison confirms the increase in food insecurity level of Iranian households in Tehran province in a mid-term period of COVID-19 outbreak
Arduous economic conditions were identified as important contributors to prevailing household food insecurity during COVID-19 outbreak
As the COVID-19 outbreak continues around the world, other threats to human health emerge, including access to food
Summary
Cross-sectional framework The present study is quantitative and practical research. It is a cross-sectional research (correlational type), and a structural model was used to follow the goals of the study. The questionnaire was designed based on the literature and opinions of the experts, and the data were collected through an online survey[18]. Food insecurity status of the households was determined during COVID-19 outbreak. The correlation of different aspects of vulnerability of households’ sustainable livelihood to food insecurity during COVID-19 pandemic disease was determined. Study area and population An online questionnaire was used to collect data during 1 April to 31 July in Tehran province, the first-largest province in Iran, and second-largest metropolitan area in the MR Pakravan-Charvadeh et al
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