Abstract
BackgroundOur objective in this study was to find determinants of high-school dropout in a deprived area of Japan using longitudinal data, including socio-demographic and junior high school-period information.MethodsWe followed 695 students who graduated the junior high school located in a deprived area of Japan between 2002 and 2010 for 3 years after graduation (614 students: follow-up rate, 88.3%). Multivariable log-binomial regression models were used to calculate the prevalence ratios (PRs) for high-school dropout, using multiple imputation (MI) to account for non-response at follow-up.ResultsThe MI model estimated that 18.7% of students dropped out of high school in approximately 3 years. In the covariates-adjusted model, three factors were significantly associated with high-school dropout: ≥10 days of tardy arrival in junior high school (PR 6.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69–24.6 for “10–29 days of tardy arrival” and PR 8.01; 95% CI, 2.05–31.3 for “≥30 days of tardy arrival” compared with “0 day of tardy arrival”), daily smoking (PR 2.01; 95% CI, 1.41–2.86) and severe problems, such as abuse and neglect (PR 1.66; 95% CI, 1.16–2.39). Among students with ≥30 days of tardy arrival in addition to daily smoking or experience of severe problems, ≥50% high-school dropout rates were observed.ConclusionsThree determinants of high-school dropout were found: smoking, tardy arrival, and experience of severe problems. These factors were correlated and should be treated as warning signs of complex behavioral and academic problems. Parents, educators, and policy makers should work together to implement effective strategies to prevent school dropout.
Highlights
Educational attainments, usually achieved in youth, are strongly associated with later employment, type of occupation, and income in adulthood and affect health status.[1,2] education is a representative social determinant of health worldwide and in Japan.[3,4] Secondary education in the Japanese system comprises 3 years of compulsory junior high school and 3 years of noncompulsory high school
Experience of severe problems was not classified by each specific reason but just by the most important one and dichotomized (0 or 1)
Most factors, such as household economic status, family structure, total days of tardy arrival, total days of absence, and daily smoking, showed significant correlations with each other (≥5 combinations of significant correlations were observed in these factors), while correlation was relatively weak for sex, calendar period, and nationality
Summary
Educational attainments, usually achieved in youth, are strongly associated with later employment, type of occupation, and income in adulthood and affect health status.[1,2] education is a representative social determinant of health worldwide and in Japan.[3,4] Secondary education in the Japanese system comprises 3 years of compulsory junior high school and 3 years of noncompulsory high school. The first grade of junior high school corresponds to seventh grade in the United States, and the third grade of high school corresponds to the 12th grade. Our objective in this study was to find determinants of high-school dropout in a deprived area of Japan using longitudinal data, including socio-demographic and junior high school-period information
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