Abstract
The impact of natural hazards on agriculture in Indonesia is becoming increasingly severe. Therefore, improving farmers’ capacity to undertake risk coping strategies is essential to maintaining their prosperity. The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of farmers’ decisions on ex ante and ex post coping strategies in rural West Java, Indonesia. The study was based on a field survey of 180 farmers conducted in the Garut district from July to October 2017. The study used the protection motivation theory framework and applied three econometric models: binomial logit model, zero truncated Poisson regression model, and multinomial logit model. Most farmers (74.4%) adopted ex ante coping strategies. They were characterized as having higher risk aversion per capita expenditure and disaster experience, but lower discount rates and percentage of damage and locations in downstream and midstream areas. Coping appraisal perceptions were found to be important factors in the risk coping analysis. Four determinants of the decision on the number of ex ante coping strategies adopted were: per capita expenditure, land size, disaster experience, and access to financial institutions. The most common ex post coping strategy adopted by farmers was the middle-stress type.
Highlights
Farmers adopt strategies to cope with farming risks to sustain their livelihood
According to the World Bank [6], in principle, the best approach to reduce risks is to take actions that anticipate the adverse impacts of disasters, or adopt ex ante strategies, because the function of ex post strategies is to address the failures of ex ante strategies
Yohe and Tol [24] defined coping strategies as a range of actions that are available to respond to the risk perception of climate change in a certain policy context, whereas they defined adaptive capacity as the ability to transform the available inputs that determine the level of Climate 2019, 7, x FOR PEER REVIEW
Summary
Farmers adopt strategies to cope with farming risks to sustain their livelihood. These strategies can be grouped into two categories. The first is the ex ante strategy, called the protective response, which helps to smooth income flow to households. The second is the ex post strategy, which helps to smooth consumption by households [1,2,3,4]. Farmers select ex ante or ex post strategies to cope with farming risks. Farmers tend to adopt ex post strategies to minimize the impacts of disasters [3]. Ex post strategies are viewed as immediate responses to problems [5].
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