Abstract
This article analyzes the quality of secondary education in the municipalities of Canal del Dique y Zona Costera-a region characterized both by the richness of its soil and by its agricultural vocation. In addition to economic and social determinants, those variables having the most significant impact are determined, a key aspect in establishing general and specific measures for improving the potential for territorial development. In a new approach, these aims were met by applying the technique known as Ordered Logit – a type of Discrete Choice model – based on the results of the Saber 11 State Secondary Education Examination Critical Reading and Mathematics tests for 35,369 students from the region for the second half of 2014 and contrasted with each student’s socioeconomic conditions. The results show that, along with the institutional problems facing the region, high levels of poverty have had an impact on the quality of the education system, producing very low levels of quality, on a scale even more serious than the Colombian average.
Highlights
The Canal del Dique y Zona Costera region is an alluvial plain situated in the north of Colombia, formed by a total of 29 municipalities, 15 of these located in the Bolivar Department -Cartagena, Arjona, Arroyohondo, Calamar, Clemencia, Mahates, Maria La Baja, San Cristobal, San Estanislao, Santa Catalina, Santa Rosa de Lima, Soplaviento, Turbaco, Turbana and Villanueva- and 14 belonging to the Atlantico Departament -Barranquilla, Campo de la Cruz, Candelaria, Juan de Acosta, Luruaco, Manati, Piojo, PuertoJournal of International StudiesVol.11, No.4, 2018Colombia, Repelon, Sabanalarga, Santa Lucia, Suan, Tubara and Usiacuri
The purpose of this article is to determine those variables impacting to a great extent on education quality at the secondary level for those municipalities making up the Canal del Dique y Zona Costera region, based on the analysis of both economic and social factors and using the technique known as ordered logit, a type of discrete choice model, applied to the Critical Reading and Mathematics tests of the Saber 11 exam
Most of them agree that the age of the individual, the place of residence and the income of the father or mother have a substantial impact in educational achievement. This in-depth examination of the socioeconomic determinants of secondary education quality in the Canal del Dique y Zona Costera region employed an analytical technique known as ordered logit, which is included in the discrete choice models and which takes as its base the data from the second part of 2014 from the Examen del Estado de la Educación Media Saber 11 [Saber 11 State Secondary Education Exam], prepared by the Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación [Colombian Institute for Educational Assessment, abbreviated as ICFES in Spanish] and whose objectives include verifying the degree to which competencies have been developed for students who are completing or have completed their final year of secondary education (ICFES, 2014)
Summary
In terms of school enrollment, this region lacks significant participation on the part of the population for the ages on which this study focuses. The results of this level of education for the Canal del Dique y Zona Costera region are worrying: the Gross Enrollment Ratio or GER [abbreviated as TCB in Spanish] in secondary education stood at 76,01%, while the Net Enrollment Ratio or NER [abbreviated as TCN in Spanish] was just 37,42%, figures which are below the average for both Colombia and all Latin American countries (Maza Avila, 2016). Enrollment is highly heterogeneous at regional level, indicating the low likelihood of the region's young people accessing higher levels of education (technical, technological and/or university) as well as better work opportunities, this being one of the factors for exclusion and falling behind
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