Abstract
Depressive symptoms are prominent and related to an increased risk on cardiovascular disease outcomes and all cause mortality in HF patients. To intervene effectively, factors related to depressive symptoms in men and women should be identified. Depressive symptoms of 921 hospitalised HF patients (61% male; age 71+/-11; LVEF 33%+/-14, NYHA II-IV) were assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D). Overall 40% of the patients had depressive symptoms (CES-D >or=16), which were more common in women than in men (47% versus 36%, p<0.001). Multivariable analysis in men revealed that depressive symptoms were related to age (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-0.98, p=0.03, per 10 years), physical health (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71-0.83, p<0.001, per 10 units) and HF symptoms. In women depressive symptoms were also related to NYHA II-III versus IV (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.95, p<0.03) and COPD (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.20-4.53, p<0.012). Depressive symptoms are more common in women than in men. In both men and women depressive symptoms are related to age and physical health. For clinical factors: In men only HF symptoms, but in women also NYHA and COPD were related to depressive symptoms.
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