Determinants of Dehydration Status and Associated Risk Factors of Cholera Outbreak in Oromia, Ethiopia

Endale Alemayehu,Tsigereda Tilahun,Eshetu Mebrate

doi:10.11648/j.bsi.20200503.11

Abstract

Introductions: Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by infection of the intestine with the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholera. According to updated global burden of cholera estimate 2019 in Ethiopia 68,805,272 populations are at risk of cholera with incidence rate of 4 per 1000 population and case fatality of 3.8% estimated annual number of cases 275,221. Methods: The main objective of this study is to identify the significant risk factors of dehydration status of cholera outbreak in Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. Ordinal logistic regression was used to model the data by incorporating the assumption behind this novel model. Results: The results of the study indicated that of the total 965 cholera patients, most of them 560 (58%) were severely dehydrated by cholera. The overall goodness of model (p-valu=0.07) shows that the model fits the data well. Besides, the proportional odds assumption also revealed that the slop coefficients in the model are the same across dehydration status (p-value=0.094). For those have history of travel, the odds of severely dehydrated versus the combined some dehydrated and no dehydrated was exp (1.133804)=3.11 times higher than those have no history of travel (p-value<0.01). All the other factors like history of contact with other patients, other sick patients in the family, Intravenous and Antibiotics drugs are statistically significant with 5% level of significance to determine the status of dehydration. Conclusions: The ordinal logistic regression was fitted the data well and most of the included factors were significant for the dehydration status of cholera outbreak.

Highlights

Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by infection of the intestine with the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae, either type O1 or O139
Different studies revealed that hand-washing, proper waste disposal, personal hygiene and making drinking water safe, health education, preparedness and surveillance at times and Endale Alemayehu et al.: Determinants of Dehydration Status and Associated Risk Factors of Cholera Outbreak in Oromia, Ethiopia after outbreaks are recognized as important measures in the control of the disease [2,3,4]
The 15-44 age groups were counted to be the largest group included as cholera infected in the study area and/or period

Summary

Introduction

Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by infection of the intestine with the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae, either type O1 or O139 Both children and adults can be infected. According to WHO weekly Bulletin on outbreaks and other emergencies issued on that was 7 July 2019, from 25 April to 23 June 2019, 688 cholera cases, 23 confirmed and 15 associated deaths (Cholera case facility rate: 2.30%) have been reported from five regions in Ethiopia. Different studies revealed that hand-washing, proper waste disposal, personal hygiene and making drinking water safe, health education, preparedness and surveillance at times and Endale Alemayehu et al.: Determinants of Dehydration Status and Associated Risk Factors of Cholera Outbreak in Oromia, Ethiopia after outbreaks are recognized as important measures in the control of the disease [2,3,4]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion