Abstract
The study examined determinant of peaceful coexistence between crop farmer and sedentary pastoralist’s households in Oyo and Kwara States, Nigeria. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 180 crop farmer and 120 sedentary pastoralist’s households (300 respondents) and structured questionnaire was used to elicit data from the respondents. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multinomial regression model. Results showed that 93.3% and 87.5% of crop farmers and sedentary pastoralists were no longer involved in violent conflict with each other again in the use of resources. The significant factors influencing peaceful coexistence by the respondents were age of household head, farm experience, farm size, membership of association, distance to service centers, membership of cooperative society, farm income and herd size for the two categories of respondents. Based on its findings, the study recommends a national orientation campaign to both cropper and pastoralist groups on the many benefits of their symbiotic relationship, hiring of matured herders for proper keep of animals and empowerment of local institutions to handle land matters in local areas. Keywords: Peaceful coexistence, Resource/product exchange, Cattle entrustment contract, Calf sharing . DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-12-03 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
Highlights
Inter-ethnic relations between Fulani pastoralists and Yoruba farmers have endured for centuries
Majority of the respondents are above age 50 years (73.3% and 71.7%) of crop farmers and sedentary pastoralists respectively
The respondent crop farmers in the study area claimed ownership of the community land and that the sedentary pastoralists are their tenants. This finding is in line with the patrilineal land tenure structure in Western Nigeria, a position noted by Idowu (2015)
Summary
Inter-ethnic relations between Fulani pastoralists and Yoruba farmers have endured for centuries. Pastoralists benefited from the grazing of crop residues such as millet straw, and crop farmers benefited from the manure droppings, which helped maintain the fertility of their cropland. These interchanges were based on pure commercial principles; pastoralists paid for the grazing of crop residues in areas with a high livestock but low crop farmer density, and crop farmers paid for pastoralists to night corral their animals in areas with a low livestock but high cropping density (Turner et al, 2012). Further interaction included a lively barter of milk for grain, and as crop farmers began keeping livestock, they gave their stock to pastoralists for herding (caretaking arrangement), and pastoralists provided the crop farmers with animals for traction
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