Abstract
We analyzed a sample of 112714 children from the 2015–2016 Indian National Fertility and Health Survey with available data on hemoglobin. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to establish associations between parent anemia, household characteristics and nutritional intake of children. Linear regression analysis was also conducted to see the link between the household characteristic and childhood nutritional intake on one hand and hemoglobin levels on the other hand. A number of socio-demographic factors, namely maternal age, type of residence and maternal education, as well as wealth index, among others correlate with incidence of childhood anemia. For instance, whereas 52.9% of children in the richest households were anemic, 63.2% of children in the poorest household were anemic (p < 0.001). Mean Vitamin A intake in the last six months was 0.63 (0.626–0.634) which was 0.18% of the recommended intake. Mean iron intake, from sources other than breast milk, in the last 24 hours was 0.29 (0.286–0.294) and 2.42% of the recommended daily intake. Fifty-nine percent (58.5%) of the children surveyed were anemic (Hb level: 9.75 g/dL [9.59–9.91]). Children with anemia were more prone to being iron deficient (odds ratio [OR]: 0.981 (0.961–1.001), Vitamin A deficient (OR: 0.813 (0.794–0.833)), and have lower maternal hemoglobin level (OR: 1.992 (1.957–2.027)). Combining nutritional supplementation and food-fortification programmes with reduction in maternal anemia and family poverty may yield optimal improvement of childhood anemia in India.
Highlights
We analyzed a sample of 112714 children from the 2015–2016 Indian National Fertility and Health Survey with available data on hemoglobin
In a study of childhood anemia in rural India, Pasricha et al suggested that the level of Hemoglobin was principally linked with the status of iron in children. it revealed that maternal hemoglobin level, family wealth, and food insecurity were critical[11]
We identified associations between childhood anemia and inflammatory infections
Summary
We analyzed a sample of 112714 children from the 2015–2016 Indian National Fertility and Health Survey with available data on hemoglobin. Linear regression analysis was conducted to see the link between the household characteristic and childhood nutritional intake on one hand and hemoglobin levels on the other hand. Children with anemia were more prone to being iron deficient (odds ratio [OR]: 0.981 (0.961–1.001), Vitamin A deficient (OR: 0.813 (0.794–0.833)), and have lower maternal hemoglobin level (OR: 1.992 (1.957– 2.027)). Iron deficiency, linked to low nutritional iron consumption is one of the critical causes of childhood anemia in India[8]. In a study of childhood anemia in rural India, Pasricha et al suggested that the level of Hemoglobin was principally linked with the status of iron in children. It is surmised that childhood anemia in India result could be explained by the low micronutrient (especially iron) levels, compounded some socioeconomic conditions. Using a nationally representative data, with comprehensive and objective measures of anemia as well as a range of socioeconomic factors, we assessed the relative and joint contribution of these factors in predicting childhood anemia in India
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