Abstract
Introduction. Anemia is highly dominant among pregnant women due to the need for iron for women themselves and their fetuses. Nearly half a billion globally and around one-third in Ethiopia of pregnant women were affected by anemia which has both health and economic impact. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public hospitals in the West Shewa zone, Oromia regional state, Central Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. An unmatched case-control study was conducted at public hospitals in the West Shewa zone, Ethiopia, from February to April 2019. A consecutive sampling was used to select study participants. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire, and the collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and SPSS version 23 for analyses. Descriptive statistics such as tables, graphs, and proportions were used to present the data. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were computed to identify the determinants of anemia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value <0.05 were used to determine the presence of an association. Result. A total of 426 women (142 cases and 284 controls) participated in this study with a 95.3% response rate. Family size >5 (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.34–6.50), peptic ulcer diseases (PUD) (AOR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.14–7.13), having the previous history of abortion (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.08–7.47), birth interval <2 years (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.20–5.70), antepartum hemorrhage (APH) (AOR = 6.05, 95% CI: 1.95–18.81), and not using latrine (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.30–9.24) were the identified determinants of anemia. Conclusions. Family size, PUD, abortion, birth interval, APH, and unable to use latrine were the determinants of anemia among pregnant women. Therefore, the intervention on anemia prevention should consider the promotion of family planning methods and counseling on latrine utilization.
Highlights
Anemia is highly dominant among pregnant women due to the need for iron for women themselves and their fetuses
Open-field defecation is very common in Ethiopia, its relationship with anemia was not studied. erefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public hospitals of the West Shewa zone, Oromia regional state, Central Ethiopia
We have conducted an institution-based unmatched case-control study from February to April 2019 in all public hospitals available in the West Shewa zone. e capital city of the zone is Ambo which is 114 kilometers far from the capital city of the country, Addis Ababa. e West Shewa zone has a total population of 2,650,781 from which 91,982 were pregnant women according to West Shewa zonal health office report of January 2019 [27]. e zone has 90 health centers, three general hospitals, four district hospitals, and one referral hospital. e study was conducted in eight public hospitals that give Antenatal care antepartum hemorrhage (APH) (ANC), delivery, and postnatal care services
Summary
Anemia is highly dominant among pregnant women due to the need for iron for women themselves and their fetuses. Half a billion globally and around one-third in Ethiopia of pregnant women were affected by anemia which has both health and economic impact. Erefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public hospitals in the West Shewa zone, Oromia regional state, Central Ethiopia, 2019. PUD, abortion, birth interval, APH, and unable to use latrine were the determinants of anemia among pregnant women. Ese include diet deficiency and infections such as malaria, hookworms, and increasingly spread human immunodeficiency virus Most of these circumstances can be prevented by creating awareness and affordable interventions [13]. WHO intended to decrease anemia among reproductive-age women including pregnant women by 50% up to 2025 [14]
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