Determinants for Prediction of Malignant Potential by Metalloproteinase:E-Cadherin Ratio in Prostate Core Needle Biopsy

Abstract

According to a good correlation between in situ hybridization-based metalloproteinase-2/9:E-cadherin ratio (MER) and the pathological stage of prostate cancer, we set the cutoff line of MER at 6.0 (MER^>⁶) to distinguish between organ-confined (pT2) and advanced diseases (pT3a-b/N1). In this study, we looked at the factors affecting MER and leading to a misprediction of the pathological stage. We examined MER in 39 paired specimens of prostate core needle biopsy and prostatectomy from the same patient and compared these MERs. In 34 (87%) of 39 cases, the MER of biopsy was correlated with the final pathological stage (pT2 vs. pT3a-b/N1). MER ranges in pT3a-b/N1 cancer were significantly wider than those in pT2 cancer (p < 0.01). The number of MER^>⁶ fields in Gleason score 8–9 cancer was larger than that in Gleason score 7 cancer (p < 0.0001). In 5 cases where there was a failure to distinguish pT2 from pT3a-b/N1, the misdiagnosis was significantly associated with a small number of biopsies (4 or 6 specimens; p = 0.0469), a small amount of tumor tissue in biopsy specimens (less than 5 mm; p = 0.0492), and a wide MER range (more than 5.0; high intratumoral heterogeneity; p = 0.0202). Considering these factors increases the usefulness of preoperative prediction of the final pathological stage by MER in prostate cancer.