Abstract
Drought affects all pastoral and agro pastoral communities of the world, whose their livelihood is depend on rain water. It is one of the major constraints to sustainable livelihood of these communities in the arid and semi-arid areas. However, pastorals are using different coping strategies toward its impacts even though their choices are affected by different factors. The study was taken place in Yabello woredas of Boorana Zone, Southern Ethiopia to identify the major factors that affect choices of drought coping strategies by the pastoral and agro pastoral community. A survey was conducted among 288 sample pastoral and agro pastoral households in three kebeles of Yabello woredas area. The study was used mixed method, particularly the concurrent triangulation approach as research design. The study select sample kebeles and household from the districts by Multi stage sampling technique. Multinomial logit model was used to identify the factors which affect the pastoral drought coping strategies. Accordingly, Results from choice model employed indicate that gender, age, education level, market distance, credit, livestock size and income influence Pastorals and agro pastorals choices at 1%, 5% and 10% significance level. Moreover, the result revealed pastorals and agro pastorals whose livelihood depend on rainfall are significantly affected from impact of drought sensitivity with weakened coping strategies. To conclude, there is needed to improve the capability to cope with changing environmental conditions to offsets the negative impacts of droughts.
Highlights
Drought is a slow-onset, creeping natural hazard that is a normal part of climate for virtually all regions of the world
This means that the probability of male head household choosing the coping strategy are increases by 0.7 and 0.9 respectively, which is relative to strategy two than female household heads for coping toward drought impact see Table 5
The result from this study indicated that as market distance increase by one kilometer the probability of choosing nonfarm non pastoral practices and crop livestock livelihood diversification increases by 0.4% and 0.7% holding the value of other variables constant
Summary
Drought is a slow-onset, creeping natural hazard that is a normal part of climate for virtually all regions of the world. Drought appears when rainfall in a region is less than statistical multi-year average for that region over an extended time period [25]. Drought, which originates from deficiency in precipitation over extended periods of time, affects approximately 60 percent of the world’s population; it is one of the major constraints in the arid and semi-arid lands [20]. The cattle depend on the stewardship of the Boorana people, as well as the regeneration of grazing lands through frequent and intense seasonal rains [1] the increase in drought impacts, more of these coping strategies have come to be no more help and survival needs, which results in deterioration and continued degradation of the environmental, diminish future adaptive capacity and livelihood options [26]
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