Determinantes del cambio técnico: presión de la demanda vs. Empuje de la tecnología

Abstract

The hypothesis of demand pressure and thrust of science and technology were initial results of the study of technical change as an economic phenomenon, and although both seek to realize the importance and characteristics of this economic development, are fundamentally different on the role each attributed to market signals in innovation activity. While the former reflects the central role of market forces in the direction of technology, changes in demand, costs, prices and profit opportunities that influence the motivation of the company and lead the advance technical; the second he attributed to the autonomous advances in pure science and technological capability, and more generally to the field of knowledge, the main role in innovation. Today it is recognized that the innovative process has "proper functioning" and that cannot be described as simple, flexible response to changing conditions and market demand of the scientific basis for the industry. In the study of technological progress the in-teractuar of technology and public policy in an economic context that considers changes in market demand, prices and profitability as well as the role of institutions and factors recognized systemic order that affect it. This paper synthetically presented the approaches of the two aforementioned assumptions and some of the criticisms that have been and were based on empirical studies. The purpose is to highlight the elements that led to the institution of the linear model in the conception of technological innovation and technical change.