Determinantal and permanental representations of Fibonacci type numbers and polynomials

Abstract

In this paper, we compute terms of the matrix $A_{(k)}^{\infty }$, which contains Fibonacci type numbers and polynomials, with the help of determinants and permanents of various Hessenberg matrices. In addition, we show that determinants of these Hessenberg matrices can be obtained by using combinations. The results that we obtain are important, since the matrix $A_{(k)}^{\infty } $ is a general form of Fibonacci type numbers and polynomials, such as $k$ sequences of the generalized order-$k$ Fibonacci and Pell numbers, generalized bivariate Fibonacci $p$-polynomials, bivariate Fibonacci and Pell $p$-polynomials, second kind Chebyshev polynomials and bivariate Jacobsthal polynomials, etc.