Abstract
Background:In 2017, Indonesia was ranked 6th in the world, with 10.3 million DM sufferers. Indonesia consists of many islands with diverse communities, diverse social and cultural environments, which allow different factors to affect the increasing number of DM cases.Objective:This research objective is to analyze the differences in the factors of the social environment, cultural environment, knowledge and behavior that are potential to DM in Java and outside Java.Methods:This research uses a quantitative approach with independent sample t-test data analysis techniques. The population was DM type 2 patients, with a sample size of 294 people. The technique was to determine the sample by accidental sampling in patients who seek treatment during prolanis (chronical disease management program) activities. The independent variables consist of social environment, cultural environment, knowledge and behavior. The dependent variable is DM disease. Data is equipped with qualitative data.Results:The results showed that there were differences between Javanese and Outer Java respondents on social environmental factors (t value 6.682), cultural environment (t value 5.752), knowledge (t value 7.079) and behavior (t value 16.579) with each Sig 0.000 value. All factors that are variables in this study have higher values in the Java region compared to those outside Java, and the highest difference is in the social environment variable (average difference of 3,979), which has an effect on very high behavioral differences (average differences average 6,037).Conclusion:It can be concluded that there are differences in the social environment, cultural environment, knowledge, and behavior that influence the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesian society.
Highlights
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered as a noncommunicable disease and is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin performance or both [1 - 5]
It can be concluded that there are differences in the social environment, cultural environment, knowledge, and behavior that influence the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesian society
Semarang is located on the island of Java, while Gorontalo is located on the island of Sulawesi which includes 5 large islands in Indonesia
Summary
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered as a noncommunicable disease and is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin performance or both [1 - 5]. The number of DM patients is increasing every year, in 2017, DM patients in the world. While diabetes and complications are the third leading cause of death in Indonesia [20, 21]. In 2013, DM caused one of the biggest health expenditure expenses in the world, which was around 11% of total health expenditure [22, 23]. DM is ten years faster in the Southeast Asian Region than in people from the European region, and mostly occurs at productive ages. The large medical expenses result in economic pressures and family financial burdens, thereby increasing the severity of symptoms and grievance in people with diabetes [28, 29]. Indonesia consists of many islands with diverse communities, diverse social and cultural environments, which allow different factors to affect the increasing number of DM cases
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