Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the efforts to reduce the prevalence of infant mortality in Indonesia. If more babies get exclusive breastfeeding, it can improve the quality of baby's health. Breast milk also helps to build the baby's immune system, and giving exclusive breastfeeding during pregnancy to babies can help reduce fat. Indonesia is one of the countries that provides exclusive breast milk, hasn't reached the WHO target. Exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is related to several things, such as maternal factors, career woman, cultural factors, and impact formula milk campaign. Giving breast milk which is not done exclusively can increase the risk of stunting, because it easily involves infections and diarrhea. From birth to six months, every baby should get exclusive breastfeeding. However, the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding was not as expected. There are several factors in the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. This article discusses several factors which can affect exclusive breastfeeding. Obtained from the analysis of several review articles or literature, there are 16 factors that can affect exclusive breastfeeding, such as; maternal parity, work cycle, mother's knowledge, mother's attitude, mother's actions, family or husband support, education level, early breastfeeding initiative, maternal age, health worker support, availability of space lactation in the workplace, information exposure, family income, community environment, formula milk, and the psychological condition of the mother it self.
Highlights
Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) secara eksklusif merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menurunkan prevalensi kematian bayi di Indonesia
Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the efforts to reduce the prevalence of infant mortality in Indonesia
If more babies get exclusive breastfeeding, it can improve the quality of baby's health
Summary
PENDAHULUAN Angka kematian bayi di Indonesia masih sangat tinggi yang sekaligus menjadi masalah kesehatan anak yang terus berupaya untuk mengurangi prevalensi kejadian tersebut. Pemberian ASI yang dilakukan secara eksklusif setara dengan menyelamatkan 804.000 anak dari kematian di tahun 2011 (WHO, 2014). Cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi usia 0 hingga 6 bulan secara global hanya sebesar 38% bayi yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif dari target capaian yang ditetapkan WHO sebesar 50% (WHO, 2014). Pemberian ASI yang kurang dari enam bulan dapat meningkatkan risiko stunting karena bayi lebih mudah terkena infeksi atau diare (Anugerahani dan Kartasurya, 2012). Cakupan keseluruhan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi hingga usia enam bulan di negara Indonesia adalah sebesar 35,73% dan belum memenuhi target WHO (Prasetyono, 2009). Hal ini dikarenakan bahwa ibu yang memiliki jumlah anak yang rendah atau kurang dari tiga orang akan memiliki lebih banyak waktu untuk memberikan ASI pada bayi setiap waktu, dibandingkan ibu yang memiliki tingkat paritas tinggi. Ibu yang memiliki paritas rendah cenderung akan menyusui anaknya secara eksklusif karena waktu bersama anaknya lebih banyak
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