Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are important regulatory factors of life activities, which are involved in the regulation of glucose, lipid and energy metabolisms, and closely associated with intestinal hormones, microbiotas and energy balance. BAs abnormalities easily lead to inflammation and metabolic diseases, in turn, the progress of diseases could influence characteristics of BAs. Therefore, accurate detection of BAs contents is of great significance to disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. At present, the most widely used enzymatic method in clinical practice is applicable to the detection of total bile acid (TBA). In laboratory research, different types of BAs can be accurately separated and quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The metabolic profiling of BAs based on detection technologies can completely and accurately monitor their types and contents, playing a crucial role in disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. We herein reviewed the main detection technologies of BAs and the application of metabolic profiling in related diseases in recent years.
Highlights
Bile acids (BAs) are a kind of cholanic acids synthesized from cholesterol in the liver [1]
BAs are involved in the regulation of G-protein-coupled BA receptor (TGR5), which play key roles in stimulating energy metabolism, reducing liver and intestinal inflammations as well as increasing insulin sensitivity [2]
Chromatographic methods electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS With simple operation, ESI-MS does not require sample derivatization and is applicable to the detection of unstable BAs, so it is often used for high-throughput
Summary
Bile acids (BAs) are a kind of cholanic acids synthesized from cholesterol in the liver [1]. BAs are involved in the regulation of G-protein-coupled BA receptor (TGR5), which play key roles in stimulating energy metabolism, reducing liver and intestinal inflammations as well as increasing insulin sensitivity [2]. Free BAs in the liver rebind taurine or glycine, and flow into the intestinal tract through the bile duct This process is known as the enterohepatic circulation of BAs [9, 12], it ensures efficient utilization of BAs. In mice intestine, CYP3A1 and epimerase convert CDCA into taurohyocholic acid (THCA), ω-muricholic acid (ω-MCA), taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), of which LCA and ω-MCA are mostly excreted with feces. The activation of FXR and other nuclear receptors by BAs can inhibit fat synthesis in the liver, decrease very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and reduce triglyceride (TG) levels [14] by suppressing TG generation as well as promoting TG removal and oxidative decomposition of fatty acids [15]. Chromatographic methods ESI-MS With simple operation, ESI-MS does not require sample derivatization and is applicable to the detection of unstable BAs, so it is often used for high-throughput
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
