Detection Rate and Influencing Factors of Microalbuminuria in Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

Abstract Background To investigate the detection rate and relevant influencing factors of microalbuminuria (MAU) in hypertensive patients in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 181,053 hypertensives from 600 hospitals across China. A questionnaire was used to collect information including patients’ risk factors, disease conditions, and antihypertensive drug treatment. Blood pressure was measured, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio was determined by urine strips. Patients were divided into the following subgroups: hypertension only, hypertension with and without MAU, cardiovascular risk factors, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and single or combination drug therapy. Results A total of 136,483 patients with hypertension were enrolled. Patients with MAU, risk factors, and ASCVD or treated with combination drug therapy had significantly higher blood pressure compared with their corresponding counterparts (all P < 0.001). The detection rate of MAU was 27.8%, 25.7%, 29.1%, and 33.4% in hypertension only, hypertension with cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension with ASCVD, and hypertension with cardiovascular risk factors and ASCVD, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age < 45 years, female, body mass index ≥ 28 kg/m2, living in Western China, living in Northeastern China, hypertension with risk factors and ASCVD, and combination drug therapy were positively correlated with MAU. Conclusions The detection rate of MAU is the highest in hypertensive patients with cardiovascular risk factors and ASCVD, and their blood pressure control is poor. Risk factor control and better blood pressure management are recommended.