Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Livestock Houses Based on Electronic Nose

Xiaohui Weng,Yingkui Xiao,Dongxue Chen,Hongyang Jin,Cheng Kong,Yinwu Li,Lili Ren,Zhiyong Chang,Chunguang Li

doi:10.3390/app11052337

Xiaohui Weng, Yingkui Xiao + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052337

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Journal: Applied sciences	Publication Date: Mar 6, 2021
Citations: 9	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Jilin University, Jilin Agricultural University

Abstract

The composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in large-scale livestock farms is complex, which seriously affects the health of livestock and is difficult to evaluate. In order to quickly analyze the pollution degree of VOCs in livestock farms, electronic nose technology was used in this study to detect and analyze the gases in pig and chicken houses, respectively. Firstly, the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and electronic nose were used to analyze the VOCs in the pig and chicken houses at different time and locations. The types and relative contents of VOCs were obtained from different livestock farms by GC–MS analysis. The sensor array response of the electronic nose showed similar results. In addition, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) analyses were performed on the electrical signal that was generated by the sensors of electronic nose, respectively. Finally, the classification rate of different odor sources in livestock farms was the highest (>85%), which indicates that SVM is a more effective method suitable for volatile gases recognition in livestock farms. The results have shown that the developed electronic nose sensor is a promising and feasible instrument for characterizing volatile odors in livestock farms.

Highlights

Accepted: 3 March 2021In recent years, humans’ need for meat, eggs, and milk has shown an increasing trend
linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) are used to classify the gas in the livestock farms, and the most suitable pattern recognition method for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) gas in the livestock farms was obtained by comparing the recognition rates
The relative contents of volatile compounds were calculated by the peak area recognition method for the VOC gas in the livestock farms was obtained by comparing normalization method

Summary

Introduction

Accepted: 3 March 2021In recent years, humans’ need for meat, eggs, and milk has shown an increasing trend. The livestock breeding industry has expanded at a large scale and the degree of intensification and standardization has become higher and higher. The development of livestock breeding has promoted the agriculture progression and has become an important part of China’s agricultural economy [1,2]. Large-scale livestock farms produce a series of environmental problems. The generated gases such as ammonia, greenhouse gases, foul odors, particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released into the atmosphere, which seriously affects air quality and harms the health of livestock and surrounding residents [3]. Volatile substances in livestock farms mainly come from the livestock themselves, livestock manure, bedding, and feed, etc. Under low-concentration environmental conditions, the odor presents a high degree of variability, and its evaluation faces major challenges

Methods

Results

Conclusion