Abstract
Of the eight members of the herpes family of viruses, HSV1, HSV2, and varicella zoster are the most common and are mainly involved in cutaneous disorders. These viruses usually are not life-threatening, but in some cases they might cause serious infections to the eyes and the brain that can lead to blindness and possibly death. An effective drug (acyclovir and its derivatives) is available against these viruses. Therefore, early detection and identification of these viral infections is highly important for an effective treatment. Raman spectroscopy, which has been widely used in the past years in medicine and biology, was used as a powerful spectroscopic tool for the detection and identification of these viral infections in cell culture, due to its sensitivity, rapidity and reliability. Our results showed that it was possible to differentiate, with a 97% identification success rate, the uninfected Vero cells that served as a control, from the Vero cells that were infected with HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV. For that, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed on the Raman spectra after principal component analysis (PCA) with a leave one out (LOO) approach. Raman spectroscopy in tandem with PCA and LDA enable to differentiate among the different herpes viral infections of Vero cells in time span of few minutes with high accuracy rate. Understanding cell molecular changes due to herpes viral infections using Raman spectroscopy may help in early detection and effective treatment.
Highlights
One of the major causes of serious and life-threatening diseases in humans and animals are viruses
The main purpose of this work is to use Raman spectroscopy as an objective method for characterization and identification of Vero cells infected with herpes simplex viruses HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV in cell culture
We examined the potential of Raman spectroscopy to identify and classify control uninfected Vero cells and cells infected with either of the three most common members of the herpes virus family (HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV)
Summary
One of the major causes of serious and life-threatening diseases in humans and animals are viruses. HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV, which belong to the herpes family of viruses, are responsible for different human infections. They are mainly involved in painful and uncomfortable cutaneous infections; and in some cases can cause serious disorders such as blindness in the case of eye infection, and even death in the case of brain infections. Detection of Herpes Viruses' Infections Using Raman Spectroscopy involvement in serious genital infections [1]. There is a high degree of similarity between the symptoms of infections from these viruses to those of bacterial or fungal infections. It is very important to identify the cause of the infection rapidly and reliably, thereby enabling the physician to target the infection with the most appropriate treatment to avoid medical complications and side effects
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