Abstract
We detected orthopoxvirus in 28 of 125 serum samples collected during 2009 from cattle in Uruguay. Two samples were PCR-positive for vaccinia virus and had sequences similar to those for vaccinia virus associated with outbreaks in Brazil. Autochthonous circulation of vaccinia virus in Uruguay and other South American countries cannot be ruled out.
Highlights
We detected orthopoxvirus in 28 of 125 serum samples collected during 2009 from cattle in Uruguay
In the phylogenetic tree based on A56R nucleotide sequences, the vaccinia virus (VACV) from Uruguay clustered with group I VACVs that had been detected during outbreaks in Brazil and with viruses from Argentina
Since 1999, VACV has been isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic cattle, humans, and wildlife from the north to the extreme south of Brazil [5,6,8], and in 2014, VACV was described in bovine serum samples from Argentina [4]
Summary
We detected orthopoxvirus in 28 of 125 serum samples collected during 2009 from cattle in Uruguay. Over the few years, VACV spread to several more states; since all geographic regions of Brazil have been affected by bovine vaccinia, including states bordering other countries in South America, which explains the recent detection of VACV in Argentina (Figure 1) [4,5,6,7,8]. A country that borders Brazil, has had no reports of VACV detection.
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