Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to develop a dental-office-friendly diabetes self-screening tool for diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes (PreDM). Methods: Consecutive dental patients, aged 18 years or older, without history of DM or PreDM, completed a 14-question questionnaire without assistance. They subsequently underwent onsite finger-sticks for capillary blood collection for glycohemoglobin (A1c) measurement. Results: Of the total 500 patients who completed the study, 302 were women (60.4%) and 198 were men (39.6%), with a collective mean age of 47.8 (±16.8) years old. The prevalence of PreDM and DM was 19.2% and 1.2%, respectively. Predictors of PreDM or DM included age, >10% above ideal body weight, waist size above 40” for men or 35” for women, reported hypertension, reported abnormal lipids, tingling of hands or feet, and visual symptoms or conditions (blurring, cataracts, glaucoma). Conclusions: This study introduces a newly developed, user-friendly, PreDM and DM self-screening tool, abbreviated as DiDDO (Diabetes detection in the dental office). This screening tool requires no body weighing or BMI calculation (undesirable by dentists) nor laboratory tests or blood pressure measurement, allowing dentists to identify patients at moderate and high risk for DM/PreDM, and perform (or refer for) diagnostic A1c testing. This dental-office-friendly self-screening tool is proposed for validation in other dental populations.
Highlights
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered as an epidemic, which principally applies to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the “natural history of which can be changed” [1] by detection and management of prediabetes (PreDM) with life-style modifications and simple pharmacotherapy [1] [2]
periodontal disease (PD) has been reportedly associated with PreDM [13], which underscores the notion that even mild degrees of hyperglycemia can cause diabetic complications, including PD
We found that the majority of the published diabetes screening tools [2] [6] [16] [28]-[38] included either performing physical measurements such as blood pressure or drawing labs such as lipid profiles
Summary
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered as an epidemic, which principally applies to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the “natural history of which can be changed” [1] by detection and management of prediabetes (PreDM) with life-style modifications and simple pharmacotherapy [1] [2]. Especially with complications, DM has escalating health and financial burdens in the USA and globally [1] [3] [4]. More concerning is that about 90% of patients with PreDM [5] and 30% of patients with DM [4] [6], respectively, remain undiagnosed, and that at the time of DM diagnosis, one or more of the diabetes complications would have already occurred in many patients [7]. PD has been reportedly associated with PreDM [13], which underscores the notion that even mild degrees of hyperglycemia ( referred to as dysglycemia) can cause diabetic complications, including PD
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