Abstract
The existence of di-glucosylated derivative of T-2 toxin in plant (corn powder) was confirmed for the first time in addition to that of HT-2 toxin. These masked mycotoxins (mycotoxin glucosides) were identified as T-2 toxin-di-glucoside (T2GlcGlc) and HT-2 toxin-di-glucoside (HT2GlcGlc) based on accurate mass measurements of characteristic ions and fragmentation patterns using high-resolution liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometric (LC-Orbitrap MS) analysis. Although the absolute structure of T2GlcGlc was not clarified, two glucose molecules were suggested to be conjugated at 3-OH position in tandem when considering the structure of T-2 toxin. On the other hand, the specification of the structure seems to be more complicated in the case of HT2GlcGlc, since HT-2 toxin has two possible positions (at 3-OH and 4-OH) to be glusocylated. In addition, 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol-glucoside (MASGlc) was also detected in the identical sample.
Highlights
Corn and maize are major and important crops consumed as food and feed
Some type A trichothecenes such as HT-2 toxin (HT2) and MAS were detected at negative polarity in the form of acetic acid adduct ion ([M + CH3COO]−), indicating that the negative polarity was sometimes effective for detecting their respective glucosides (HT2GlcGlc and MASGlc)
The existence of di-glucosylated derivatives of to be 52%–76% (T2) in plant was confirmed for the first time by means of LC-Orbitrap MS
Summary
Corn and maize are major and important crops consumed as food and feed. Mycotoxin contamination is still prevailing as a problem concerned with them, and occasionally cause to serious sacrifice through the ingestion [1]. A glucosylated derivative of DON, namely DON-3-glucoside (DON3Glc) was found in cereal grain and beer [5,6], and similar derivatives for other mycotoxins [7,8] were reported. These glucoside derivatives are frequently called “masked mycotoxins”, because they are sometimes not detected by conventional analytical methods due to their higher polarity [9]. The authors previously reported the detection of masked mycotoxins for nivalenol, a type B trichothecene, and for its precursor fusarenon-X in wheat grain [13]. The detection of those derived from the type A trichothecenes, T-2 toxin (T2) and HT-2 toxin (HT2)
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