Detection of the Neurodegenerative Drug in a Biological Sample Using Three-Dimensional Sphere Mixed Metal Oxide Tailored with Carbon Fiber as an Electrocatalyst by Voltammetry Technique

Abstract

The scientific community has shown a lot of interest in the design and engineering of electrodes as sensing platforms for sensitive and selective drug detection in recent years. The sensor based on three-dimensional spheres like NiCo2O4 tailored on carbon nanofiber CNF as a hybrid composite was prepared by hydrothermal-assisted synthesis. This combination was preferred due to its superior electro-catalytic activity. Various physical characterizations, such as morphological analysis and spectroscopic tests, were performed on the as-synthesized composite. The electrochemical performance of the modified NCO@CNF electrode is investigated for the detection of clioquinol. The structural property of NCO@CNF promoted a high charge transfer ratio with outstanding conductivity. Upon the amperometric analysis, a low detection limit (LOD) of 8 nM with a very wide linear range of 0.01–301.4 μM and good sensitivity of 0.177 μA μM−1 cm−2 was witnessed for clioquinol detection. Additionally, NCO@CNF modified electrode demonstrated superior anti-interference capability, repeatability, reproducibility, cycle stability (30 cycles) and operational stability (2000 s). The proposed NCO@CNF electrode was tested with diverse biological samples like human blood and urine and showed remarkable recovery.