Abstract
A configuration of a refractometer sensor is described with the aim of optically detecting the crystallization process of paracetamol. The developed sensing head is based on a conventional cleaved multi-mode fiber. The fiber tip sensor structure was submitted to contact with the liquid of interest (paracetamol fully dissolved in 40% v/v of ethanol/water) and the crystallization process of paracetamol, induced with continued exposure to air, was monitored in real time.
Highlights
Crystallization is one of the processes considered oldest when used for purification and separation of solid products
The active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) could be observed as the primary stage in the formulation process, with molecules stabilized within the crystal lattice during the following processing phases, until the crystal dissolves upon administration to the patient permitting the molecular form of the drug to be absorbed [3]
A simple configuration of a refractometer sensor based on a conventional cleaved multi-mode fiber tip was implemented to monitor in real time the paracetamol crystallization process by means of intensity variation based on the fiber tip–interaction concept
Summary
Crystallization is one of the processes considered oldest when used for purification and separation of solid products. Paracetamol is commonly classified and used as an analgesic and antipyretic and is a compound well-characterized and reported in the literature It is composed of three polymorphs: stable form I (monoclinic), metastable form II (orthorhombic), an unstable form III [15]. It was important to conduct a study survey on the characterization of polymorphs and crystallization process monitoring In different studies, it employed the Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy for a fast and simple quantitative analysis method of the polymorph mixtures in paracetamol powder [20,21,22,23], whereas the Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were reported to be proper for the quantitative determination of forms. A simple configuration of a refractometer sensor based on a conventional cleaved multi-mode fiber tip was implemented to monitor in real time the paracetamol crystallization process by means of intensity variation based on the fiber tip–interaction concept
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