Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is a halophilic Gram-negative marine bacterium. The current study investigated the presence of the tdh and trh virulence factors in isolates of Vibrio alginolyticus. Five samples of Mantis Shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria) were collected from local markets around Selangor, Malaysia. Samples were then examined using the MPN and multiplex PCR methods. By targeting the species-specific gene toxR, 2 (40%) were found to be positive. The two samples were positive for Vibrio alginolyticus, and one of these samples contained tdh/trh toxin. The Vibrio alginolyticus isolated, possessed and expressed the trh, tdh and toxR toxic genes. Vibrio strain identification was determined by 16S rRNA sequence; the results showed 99% homology to Vibrio alginolyticus. The sequencing of the isolated toxin genes indicated a homology of 97-98% to the Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxin genes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Vibrio alginolyticus possessing three toxin genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
Highlights
Vibrio alginolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium, widely spread geographically in marine and estuarine waters [1]
When plated on CHROMTM Vibrio agar and incubated overnight at 37°C, it was found that 90% of colonies were white in colour, related to the presence of Vibrio alginolyticus, and a few colonies were light mauve in colour which indicated the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are considered as causative organisms of gastrointestinal disease and are both responsible for substantial financial damage in the aquaculture industry [14,2]
Summary
Vibrio alginolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium, widely spread geographically in marine and estuarine waters [1]. Vibrio species express a variety of hemolysis toxins. Many studies have reported Vibrio alginolyticus strains carrying virulence genes derived from other Vibrio species. In Morocco, researchers isolated Vibrio alginolyticus carrying a trh gene [5]. Vibrio alginolyticus can be a reservoir of many virulence genes of other Vibrio species in the marine environment [6]. The tdh and trh are considered the two major pathogenic virulence factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus [7]. In order to differentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains, Vibrio parahaemolyticus were examined for the presence of tdh and/or trh genes [7]. The virulence genes of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimps were examined, targeting the specific toxR genes considered to be the global regulator of Vibrio species
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