Abstract
This study aimed to diagnose swine dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in pigs by the PCR method in Vietnam. Of the 250 samples, 29 isolates of B. hyodysenteriae (11.60%) were identified by PCR in seven provinces of Northern Vietnam, and the infection rate differed from region to region. From the positive cases of B. hyodysenteriae, we analyzed B. hyodysenteriae infected cases according to the ages of the pigs, farm sizes, and veterinary hygiene practices to get more information about the disease in Vietnam. The results showed that the positive B. hyodysenteriae samples were commonly seen in post-weaning pigs (32.14%) in households (20.73%) with poor hygiene (24.69%). Clinical signs of SD included high fever (100%); anorexia (100%); watery, bloody diarrhea, usually gray to brown in color (100%); and weight loss (86.42%). Gross lesions of SD were limited to the large intestine were described as having a fibrinous, blood-flecked membrane covering the mucosa (93.75%), swollen with hemorrhaged colon and cecum (75.00%), and mesenteric lymph nodes (81.25%).
Highlights
Swine dysentery (SD) was first recorded in the mid-west of the USA in 1921 (Whiting et al, 1921), the etiology remains unknown
The highest infection rate of B. hyodysenteriae was 17.14% in Hai Duong province, followed by Thai Binh, Hung Yen, Bac Giang, and Bac Ninh provinces (13.0415.79%), while Ha Nam and Thai Nguyen provinces were infected with B. hyodysenteriae at the lowest rates (2.78% and 3.57%, respectively)
These differences could be due to different farming conditions, feed, techniques, and epidemiology in each local
Summary
Swine dysentery (SD) was first recorded in the mid-west of the USA in 1921 (Whiting et al, 1921), the etiology remains unknown. After 50 years, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was confirmed as the causative agent of swine dysentery (Taylor & Alexander, 1971). B. hyodysenteriae is a gram-negative, motile, helically coiled (spiralshaped), anaerobic bacterium. It is 6.0-8.5 μm long, 0.32-0.38 μm wide, and has 7-14 periplasmic flagella inserted at each cell end. The cell is covered by a loose outer membrane. The outer envelope of B. hyodysenteriae contains lipooligosaccharides (LOS), a semi-rough form of lipopolysaccharides (Hampson et al, 2006)
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