Abstract
Viruses are the major contributors to the morbidity and mortality of upper and lower acute respiratory infections (ARIs) for all age groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies for a large range of respiratory viruses using a sensitive molecular detection technique in specimens from outpatients of all ages with ARIs. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from 162 individuals between August 2007-August 2009. Twenty-three pathogenic respiratory agents, 18 respiratory viruses and five bacteria were investigated using multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF). Through IIF, 33 (20.4%) specimens with respiratory virus were recognised, with influenza virus representing over half of the positive samples. Through a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay, 88 (54.3%) positive samples were detected; the most prevalent respiratory viral pathogens were influenza, human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Six cases of viral co-detection were observed, mainly involving RSV. The use of multiplex real-time RT-PCR increased the viral detection by 33.9% and revealed a larger number of respiratory viruses implicated in ARI cases, including the most recently described respiratory viruses [human bocavirus, human metapneumovirus, influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus, human coronavirus (HCoV) NL63 and HCoV HKU1].
Highlights
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children during the first years of life (Osterhaus 2008)
The viruses most commonly associated with ARIs are influenza viruses A and B (Inf A and Inf B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza viruses 1-4 (PIV 1- 4), human adenovirus (HAdV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human coronavirus (HCoV) and enterovirus (EV) (Arruda et al 2006)
The aim of the present study was to determine the frequencies of a range of respiratory pathogens using the Fast-Track Diagnostics Respiratory Pathogens 21 PLUS (FTDRP 21 plus) multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay in patients of all ages with ARIs treated in emergency rooms or primary care units
Summary
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children during the first years of life (Osterhaus 2008). The aim of the present study was to determine the frequencies of a range of respiratory pathogens using the Fast-Track Diagnostics Respiratory Pathogens 21 PLUS (FTDRP 21 plus) multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay in patients of all ages with ARIs treated in emergency rooms or primary care units. This descriptive study was developed in Vitória, Southeast Brazil, from a set of biological samples obtained over a two-year period (August 2007-August 2009) as a part of the Respiratory Virus Surveillance Program of the Ministry of Health, Brazil. All samples were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF) and FTDRP 21 plus multiplex realtime RT-PCR assay
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