Abstract
We have investigated the feasibility of noninvasive mapping of mechanical activation patterns in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium using high frame rate ultrasound imaging for the purpose of detecting conduction abnormalities. Five anesthetized, open-chest dogs with implanted combined sonomicrometry and electromyography (EMG) crystals were studied. The animals were paced from the specified locations of the heart, while crystal and ultrasound data were acquired. Isochrone maps of the mechanical activation patterns were generated from the ultrasound data using a novel signal processing method called clutter filter wave imaging (CFWI). The isochrone maps showed the same mechanical activation pattern as the sonomicrometry crystals in 90% of the cases. For electrical activation, the activation sequences from ultrasound were the same in 92% of the cases. The coefficient of determination between the activation delay measured with EMG and ultrasound was R 2 = 0.79 , indicating a strong correlation. These results indicate that high frame rate ultrasound imaging processed with CFWI has the potential to be a valuable tool for mechanical activation detection.
Highlights
1.1 Background and motivationIschemic heart disease remains the world’s most prevalent cause of death according to the World Health Organization [1], and cardiovascular disease accounts for 45 % of deaths in Europe [2]
The first goal of this thesis was to investigate the clinical possibilities of high frame rate ultrasound imaging for pathology detection and to develop methods for analysis for this novel imaging modality
Two studies were performed on data from an animal study where it was shown that our developed method was able to approximately locate sources of pacing and detect the propagation pattern of mechanical activation
Summary
1.1 Background and motivationIschemic heart disease remains the world’s most prevalent cause of death according to the World Health Organization [1], and cardiovascular disease accounts for 45 % of deaths in Europe [2]. Echocardiography, has the benefit over other imaging modalities that it provides real time images of the beating heart, making it possible to assess anatomy and function at once. The main topics discussed are the human heart, ultrasound imaging, the difference between conventional and high frame rate imaging, details of tissue motion estimation, and detection of mechanical waves propagating through the myocardium. This presentation will be limited to information relevant for the papers contained in this thesis, as well as their discussion. The motion of the valves is mostly passive and they open and close because of differences in pressure between the cardiac chambers and the arteries
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