Detection of radio-frequency signals emitted by an arc discharge

Abstract

We analyze the nature of radiation signals detected from electrical arcing events originating on highly charged dielectric surfaces. Starting from a simple model of the arc current pulse, we calculate the electromagnetic radiation signal incident on a distant radio-frequency receiver. The receiver is tuned to some central frequency and operates in a given bandwidth. Because the receiver responds to the arc current derivative rather than the arc current itself, the detected radiation pulse profile can differ substantially from the current pulse profile, even when the receiver bandwidth is large compared to the reciprocal pulse width. This signal distortion significantly affects the interpretation of arc radiation data. To illustrate the point, we show that at high frequencies the detected pulse width carries very little information on the arc itself, and that even a scan of pulse width versus frequency may provide a misleading picture of possible arc dynamics. Finally, we argue that arc radiation data from radio-frequency measurements are most useful at low frequencies, when the receiver frequency and bandwidth are both comparable to the reciprocal arc duration.