Detection of Protein Cd2ap in Mice (Mus Musculus) Kidney Damage Induced by 4% NaCl

Fixation is used to maintain tissue structure in its original form “life-like state” and can protect proteins and tissue components from degeneration. The solution commonly used is 10% NBF. Formaldehyde is chemical substance that is toxic and not environmentally friendly, several studies have shown alternative substitutes fixation, one of which is the honey solution. The study of Mohammed et al (2020) fixated tissue with honey 10% and 20% shown good coloring properties and similar clarity to fixated with formalin 10%. Honey has acidic and dehydrating properties allow most microorganisms to be killed so that tissues will last for a long time. The research objective is to findout the description of microscopic of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue which were fixation using 10% honey solution for 24 hours. The research is included in qualitative descriptive research. The research design used was a non-eksperimental with a purposive sampling study approach. The sample used was 32 preparation with total of microscopic overview is 160. Microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed using 10% honey solution for 24 hours in 80 visual fields were 12.5% of the preparations is not good and 87.5% is good preparations. The microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed using 10% NBF is better than of the microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed with 10% honey for 24 hours.

Background: Secondary hyperuricemia can increase the risk of renal dysfunction in the form of fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis mediated by TGF-β signalling. Non-pharmacological therapy through high dietary antioxidant intakes can help in controlling and preventing renal dysfunction by suppressing TGF-β expression. This study aimed to analyse the effect of red guava juice (Psidium Guava Linn.) on TGF-β protein expression in mice (Mus Musculus) kidneys with secondary hyperuricemia model. Method: This was an experimental study with a post-test only design. Forty-eight mice (Mus Musculus) were choosen as samples, which were distributed into six different treatment groups. The mice were induced with potassium oxonate for 14 days and given red guava juice for 21 days. TGF-β protein expression in mice (Mus Musculus) kidneys was identified through immunohistochemistry using TGF-β antibodies. The preparation was observed in the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret using the Olympus XC10 light microscope. Data were statistically analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by the Post-Hoc Mann Whitney test. Results: The results of this study showed that the administration of red guava juice had a significant effect on TGF-β expression (p = 0.001). There was a significant difference between the negative control treatment and treatment of red guava juice at a dosage of 5 ml/kg/day (p = 0.043).Conclusion: It can be concluded that the administration of red guava juice in mice (Mus Musculus) with secondary hyperuricemia model can suppress TGF-β expression, and therefore, can be used as non-pharmacological therapy.

This study aims to determine the effects of saccharin and dragon fruit juice on histopatologic of liver and kidney and determine the effective dose of dragon fruit juice to improve the cells of liver and kidney mice (Mus musculus L.) after fed saccharin. The study design used was completely randomized design (CRD). In this study, the independent variables consist of two control and three treated treatment with 5 replications. The histological data of liver and kidneys of mice (Mus musculus L.) presented descriptively,and evaluation of differences in the structure of the liver and kidney mikroanatomi saccharin and dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) be compared to normal structure. The results showed that administration of saccharin at a dose of 15mg/kg BB/day to given effect on the histopathology of kidney and liver of mice. Treatment of the red dragon fruit juice at a dose of 200mg/Kg BB/day may improve liver and kidney mikroanatomi structures damaged by the provision of saccharin. From this research, showed that the red dragon fruit juice swetened with saccharin can inhibition effects of on structure microanatomy the liver and kidney

Background: Heavy physical exercise can reduce blood flow and metabolism in kidney that eventually release free radicals. The free radicals can form oxydative stress and damage renal tissue. Exogenous antioxydant administration is usually recommended to minimize the renal tissue damage. This study aimed to examined the effect of purple sweet potato (Ipomoiea batatas L.) extract on renal tissue damage in mice (mus musculus L.) after heavy physical exercise.Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial with post test only control design. The study subjects included twenty four male white mice with DD Webster strain. These mice were divided into six groups. After undergoing excessive swimming exercises that lasted forteen days, purple sweet potato extract was given to the experimental group. There were three experimental groups receiving three different doses of purple sweet potato. The mice kidney was taken as sample for microscopic examination to determine the extent of tissue damage. Difference in renal tissue damage was tested by Kruskal-Wallis.Results: Microscopic examination showed statistically significant difference in tissue damage both in right (p=0.001) and left (p=0.036) kidneys, between study groups. The experimental groups showed less damaged than control group. Conclusion: Purple sweet potato (Ipomoiea batatas L) can lessen renal damage in male white mice (Mus musculus L) undergoing excessive physical exercise. Keywords: purple sweet potato (Ipomoiea batatas L), renal tissue damage mice. Corespondance: Rika Nailuvar Sinaga. Faculty of Sport Science, Medan University. Email: rikanailuvar890@gmail.comIndonesian Journal of Medicine (2016), 1(1): 76-83https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2016.01.01.10

This study aims to assess immobility time in Sham group mice (Mus musculus), assess the effect of fluoxetine antidepressant on immobility time in mice (Mus musculus), assess the impact of bandotan leaf extract antidepressant (Ageratum conyzoides lin) on immobility time in mice (Mus musculus), evaluate the antidepressant effectiveness of the combination of bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides lin) with fluoxetine on immobility time in mice (Mus musculus), and compare the efficacy of the four groups, namely group 1 (Sham), group 2 (fluoxetine), group 3 (bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides lin)), and group 4 (Fluoxetine with bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides lin)). This study uses a type of quantitative approach and pure experimental method (true experimental research) with Posttest only Control Group Design research design. The results showed that the mean immobility time in mice (Mus musculus) group 1 (Sham) was for 34 ± 22.1 seconds. The average immobility time in mice (Mus musculus) group 2 (Fluoxetine) is for 162.5 ± 44.43 seconds. The average immobility time in mice (Mus musculus) group 3 (Bandotan leaf extract) was 172.67 ± 40.5 seconds. The average immobility time in mice (Mus musculus) group 4 (Combination of fluoxetine with bandotan leaf extract) was 118.83 ± 24.1 seconds. The combination of fluoxetine with bandotan leaf extract has significance (p-value 0.039 <0.05) as an antidepressant in reducing immobility time in mice so that bandotan leaves can act as adjuvant therapy.

This research was conducted to investigate the protective effect Polygonum minus leaves extract on the histopathological changes of kidney induced by mercuric chloride in mice (Mus musculus). Thirty male mice were divided into five groups and were administered via intragastric gavage with different treatments for 21 days. The treatment were C- (CMC Na 0.5% solution + aquadest), C+ (CMC Na 0.5% solution + 8 mg/kg bw of mercuric chloride), T1, T2, and T3 (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg bw of Polygonum minus leaves extract respectively + 8 mg/kg bw of mercuric chloride). The histopathological changes of kidney were examined by using Arshad Scoring method. Then the data was analysed using Kruskal Wallis and continued with Mann-Whitney test. The result showed Polygonum minus leaves extract could protect mice kidney from the damage effect of mercuric chloride. The best dose of Polygonum minus on this research was 400 mg/kg bw. Keywords: Polygonum minus, mercuric chloride, Mus musculus, kidney

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of the ethanolic extract of galangal (Alpinia galanga) on degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cells in the kidney proximal tubules of male mice (Mus musculus) exposed to lead acetate. Objective: This was a pure experimental laboratory study using a completely randomized approach/randomized posttest only control group design. Twenty-five male mice (Mus musculus) were divided into five treatment groups: negative control (K-) received 0.5% CMC Na and aquades, positive control (K+) received induction of 20 mg/kgBW lead acetate for 20 days, and P1, P2, and P3 groups received oral administration of galangal ethanol extract from day 1 to day 24 as preventive measures with successive doses of (P1) 200 mg/kgBW, (P2) 400 mg/kgBW, and (P3) 800 mg/kgBW, respectively. Lead acetate administration at a dose of 20 mg/kgBW started from day 4 to day 24. On the 25th day, all groups were sacrificed, and kidney tissues were harvested for histopathological examination using the scoring method. Histopathological data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U test to compare differences between groups. Results: The Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant increase in degeneration, necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the kidney proximal tubules of male mice (Mus musculus) exposed to lead acetate (p < 0.05). Administration of galangal ethanol extract significantly reduced degeneration, necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells (p < 0.05). The highest dose of galangal ethanol extract (800 mg/kg BW) exhibited a significant decrease in degeneration, necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells (p < 0.05), comparable to the normal condition (K-). Conclusion: Administration of ethanol extract of galangal (Alpinia galanga) effectively prevented lead acetate-induced degeneration, necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the kidney proximal tubules of male mice (Mus musculus).

This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) leaves on male mice (Mus musculus). The type of research used is the RAL method (completely randomized design). Male mice (Mus musculus) were divided into 5 treatment groups including group 1 being mice given 1% Na.CMC suspension as a negative control, group 2 being mice given seagrass leaf extract (Enhalus acoroides) 75 mg/kgBW, group 3 being mice. given 100 mg/kgBW of seagrass leaf extract (Enhalus acoroides), group 4 was mice given 125 mg/kgBW of seagrass leaf extract (Enhalus acoroides) and group 5 was mice given 50 mg of diclofenac sodium as a positive control. The anti-inflammatory test was induced with 1% carrageenan, the volume of edema that occurred after treatment was measured by dipping it into a plestimometer for every 30, 60, 90, 120 minute intervals for 7 days. After that, the percentage decrease in the edema volume parameter was observed. The data were analyzed using the One Way Anova test and continued with the LSD post hoc test. The ethanolic extract of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) leaves showed that it could reduce the volume of edema in the feet of mice (Mus musculus) at concentrations of 75 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW, and 125 mg/kgBW by showing a significant difference with the negative control group (p < 0.05). The anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) leaves on male mice (Mus musculus) showed effective results in reducing the volume of edema in the legs of mice (Mus musculus).

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a problem in nephrology with a fairly high incidence rate, the final condition of CKD is the presence of kidney fibrosis in the tubulointerstitial region depending on the polarization of macrophages. Basil antioxidant efficacious leaves can prevent damage to tubular cells in animals.Objective: To determine the effect of giving basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) on the amount of M2 macrophages in mice (Mus musculus) with the Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction method.Methods: This research use an experimental study using a posttest only with randomized controlled group design.Results: Data on administration of basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) to mice can reduce damage to the kidneys analyzed using LSD test obtained p value (0.000 <0.005). The amount of M2 macrophages in mice given basil ethanol extract with the largest dose was 24 mg /20grBW compared to the administration of basil ethanol extract at a dose of 12 mg/20grBW and 48mg/20grBW.Conclusion: Administration of basil leaves extract (Ocimum basilicum L. ) in mice can reduce damage to the kidneys.

Introduction and Aim: A diet high in cholesterol causes hypercholesterolemia by elevating plasma cholesterol levels. Hypercholesterolemia causes an increase in cholesterol concentration within cells, resulting in membrane-altering lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is produced during lipid peroxidation to form peroxides and other free radicals. The present study aims to evaluate the potential of Muntingia calabura L. ethanolic extracts as a hypercholesterolemia agent by reducing MDA levels in hypercholesterolemic white mice (Mus musculus). Materials and Methods: The present study has a true experimental design with a control group consisting only of post-test samples. The research utilized approximately 25 white mice (Mus musculus) randomly. These white mice were separated into five groups, consists of negative control (C1), positive control (C2), M. calabura L. ethanolic extracts at doses of 13 mg/20g/BW (C3), 26 mg/20g/BW (C4), and 52mg/20g/BW (C5). The concentration of MDA was measured on the 21st day of treatment using the TBARS method. Results: The results indicated that the M. calabura L. extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduce the total cholesterol and MDA levels in the blood of white mice (Mus musculus). The evidence supporting this conclusion is based on the data obtained from mice that received various doses of M. calabura L leaf extract, specifically 13mg/20g/BW, 26mg/20g/BW, and 52mg/20g/BW. These doses already demonstrated a substantial reduction in MDA levels following the treatment. Conclusion: In this research, it was found that the ethanolic extract of M. calabura L leaves effectively acted as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent in mice with hypercholesterolemia. The assessment of its anti-hypercholesterolemic properties was based on the observation of reduced MDA levels. It is suggested that the leaf extract of M. calabura L contains a compound known as phytol, which is believed to have the capacity to inhibit hypercholesterolemia in white mice (Mus musculus).

This research was conducted to determine the effect of giving a decoction of binahong leaves (Anredera cardifolia (Ten.) Steenis) on wound healing in mice (Mus musculus). This research was conducted from January to May 2024 at the Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Applied Sciences, Mandalika Education University. The method used in this research is an experimental method with the RAL technique (Completely Randomized Design). This study used 7 treatments with 4 replications. The data obtained were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, namely SPSS, and if differences were found between treatment combinations. The results of the research were from boiling binahong leaves for different times from 3 minutes, 6 minutes, 9 minutes, 12 minutes and 15 minutes and added positive control and negative control. There were 28 mice (Mus musculus) used divided into 7 treatments. The mice used were 2 month old males weighing 20-25 grams per head. With the aim of knowing the effect of giving a decoction of binahong leaves (Anredera cardifolia (ten.) Steenis) on wound healing in mice (Mus musculus) and showing the results of several data which are classified as significant, namely H4, H5, H6, H8, H9 and H10 due to low values from 0.05, on H4 the sig value. 0.029<0.05, H5 sig value. 0.004<0.05, H6 sig value.0.020<0.05, H8 sig value. 0.002<0.05, H9 sig value. 0.045<0.05, and H10 sig value. 0.005<0.05 is declared significant, while H7 has a sig value. 0.258>0.05 is not significant. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the P4 treatment on day 10 showed the best results for wound healing in mice (Mus musculus).

This study aims to determine the irritating effect of clove leaf ethanol extract cream (Syzygium aromaticum L.) on mice (Mus musculus) and at what concentration clove leaf extract (Syzygium aromaticum L.) can cause irritation in mice (Mus musculus). Clove leaf extract was prepared in cream preparations with a concentration of 10% and 11%. This test used a laboratory experimental method carried out at the Pharmacology Laboratory of the Yamasi Pharmacy Academy Makassar, then tested the irritating effect of Clove Leaf Extract Cream (Syzygium aromaticum L.) using the draize method on mice (Mus musculus) as test animals and observed for 24 hours,48 hours, 72 hours. Then observed the appearance of erythema and edema that occurred at each concentration of preparations in mice (Mus musculus). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract cream of clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) at concentrations of 10% and 11% does not cause irritation.

The content of flavonoid compounds in betel leaf is used as a protection as analgesic. The purpose of this study was to test the analgesic effects of Banyuwangi green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) on male white mice (Mus musculus). The doses of green betel leaf ethanol extract that were used were 4.696 mg, 9.392 mg and 18.784 mg and the positive control were mefenamic acid. The test animals used in this study were white male mice (Mus musculus) that were adapted for about 3 days in experimental environmental conditions. Based on the results of the study, the analgesic effect test of green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) can provide analgesic effectiveness on mice (Mus musculus). Ethanol extracts of green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) at doses of 4.696 mg/kgBW were able to provide a good analgesic effect with good responses to white male mice (Mus musculus). The percentage of analgesic power that was close to the percentage of analgesic power of the gold standard which is 69.23%.

This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of moderate-intensity swimming exercise in the morning and evening over 6 weeks on the increase in growth hormone (GH) levels and the decrease in cortisol levels in male mice (Mus musculus). This research is a true-experimental study with a randomized control group posttest-only design. A total of 33 eight-week-old male mice (Mus musculus) weighing 20–40 grams were randomly divided into three groups: CN (n = 11; control without intervention), ME (n = 11; morning exercise), and AE (n = 11; afternoon exercise). Morning and evening exercises with moderate intensity were conducted for 30 minutes per session with a frequency of 3 times per week for 6 weeks. ELISA was used to evaluate posttest GH and cortisol levels in all samples. Data analysis was performed via one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results revealed differences in the increase in GH levels between ME vs CN (5.71±0.88 vs 2.54±0.21 ng/mL, p=0.001), AE vs CN (7.18±1.66 vs 2.54±0.21 ng/mL, p=0.001), and AE vs ME (7.18±1.66 vs 5.71±0.88 ng/mL, p=0.009). Similarly, the decrease in cortisol levels differed among the ME vs CN (6.62±2.37 vs 10.69±4.38 ng/mL, p=0.004), AE vs CN (2.18±0.99 vs 10.69±4.38 ng/mL, p=0.001), and AE vs ME (2.18±0.99 vs 6.62±2.37 ng/mL, p=0.008) groups. This study revealed that both exercise durations significantly increased growth hormone levels and decreased cortisol levels in male mice (Mus musculus). However, evening exercise with moderate intensity was more effective at increasing growth hormone levels and decreasing cortisol levels than morning exercise with moderate intensity in male mice (Mus musculus). Keywords: Growth hormone, cortisol, morning exercise, afternoon exercise, metabolism

The aims of this research were to know the effect of broccoli extract to the microanatomy structure of liver and kidney in mice after induction of lead acetate. Broccoli contains antitoxic compound such as sulforaphane, beta-carotene, indole, quercetin, and glutathione. The research was evaluated experimentally to Swiss mice at the age of 2 months with average weight of 31 g. These mice were divided into five groups. A group was a placebo controls that given only with distilled water 1 ml for 30 days. Negative control group received lead acetate orally at the dose of 0.52 mg/g body weights for 15 days. Mice of group 1, 2, and 3 received the same treatment but continued with giving broccoli extract orally in three doses: 2.1 mg; 2.8 mg and 3.5 mg/g bw/day respectively for 15 days. Liver and kidney were removed at 31st day. Observation of microanatomy structure was: 1) Determining the kind and damage level of hepatocyte, glomerulus and proximal tubules epithelia as the qualitative data; 2) Measuring the height of proximal tubules epithelia, glomerulus diameter and central vein diameter as the quantitative data, which then analyzed with ANOVA. The result of this research showed that exposed by lead acetate orally caused hydrophilic degeneration, fatty swelling and necrotic (pycnotic, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis) on hepatocyte and proximal tubules epithelia, swelling of glomeruli. Consumption of broccoli at the dose of 3.5 mg/g bw/day could repair the damage cells of lead acetate. Broccoli extract at the lowest dose (2.1 mg/g bw/day and 2.8 mg/g bw/day) could not repair the damage cells of lead acetate. Consumption of broccoli extract at the dose of 3.5 mg/g bw/day was helping the cells repairmen (i.e. hepatocyte, glomerulus and proximal tubule epithelia) in mice (Mus musculus. L) damage by lead acetate.