Abstract
Grafting of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or its N,N-dimethylethylenediamine derivative (PAA/DMEDA) onto gold produces electrodes that respond to protamine or heparin. Binding of these polyions to PAA or PAA/DMEDA limits the access of Ru(NH3)63+ to electrodes, decreasing currents in cyclic voltammograms. In 0.1 M NaCl, the electrodes respond linearly to protamine or heparin concentrations of 0.4–3 μg/mL and 0.4–7 μg/mL, respectively. Current decreases are ca. 10-fold greater than those at similar electrodes coated with thioctic acid. Washing with 0.1 M NaCl at pH 1.2 (protamine) or pH 10 (heparin) regenerates electrodes. The heparin sensor still functions in 5% horse serum.
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