Abstract
Background The present study aims to estimate the possible relationship between periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity and the birth of Preterm Birth (PTB) and/or Low Birth Weight (LBW). Material and Methods It’s a case- control study with the subgengival biofilm samples were collected from four sites up deeper until 48 hours postpartum and were processes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for presence the periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) e Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The mothers were divided into case grup (babies weighing < 2500g and/or gestational age < 37 weeks) and control group (babies weighing ≥ 2500g and gestational age ≥ 37 weeks). Chi-square test and the measure of association obtained by Odds Ratio (OR) were used to estimate the association between the variables. Results Microbial analyses results showed no significant association between PTB and LBW with most periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity, even with association with the clinical presence of periodontitis. Conclusions given the high presence of periodontal pathogens in the biofilm subgengival of recent mothers, it is suggested that the findings of this research serve as the basis for future studies on the pathophysiology involved in the relationship between periodontitis and PTB and/or LBW. Key words:Low Birth Weight Infant. Premature Infant. Periodontal Diseases. Bacteria. Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Highlights
About 15 million babies are born premature and these babies have Low Birth Weight (LBW) [1]
The present study showed that periodontitis can be considered a risk factor to the birth of Preterm Birth (PTB) and/or LBW, the results of microbial analyses showed no significant relationship between the periodontal pathogens detected in recent mothers and PTB and/or LBW
The Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is affected by environmental factors, being one of the most abundant species of bacteria from oral cavity in both healthy and unhealthy individuals [25], which could be proven with the findings of the present research
Summary
About 15 million babies are born premature (before 37 weeks of gestation) and these babies have Low Birth Weight (LBW) (weigh less than 2,500g) [1]. The periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) were cited among the oral bacteria detected in extra-oral sites of women who had adverse effects in pregnancy [13]. Considering the lack of consensus in the literature on the subject, this study aimed to estimate the possible relationship between the presence of periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) e Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) in the oral cavity and the birth of PTB and/or LBW. Material and Methods: It’s a case- control study with the subgengival biofilm samples were collected from four sites up deeper until 48 hours postpartum and were processes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for presence the periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) e Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Conclusions: given the high presence of periodontal pathogens in the biofilm subgengival of recent mothers, it is suggested that the findings of this research serve as the basis for future studies on the pathophysiology involved in the relationship between periodontitis and PTB and/or LBW
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