Abstract
Parietaria mottle virus (PMoV) is considered an emerging virus in many countries of the Mediterranean basin, especially on tomato and pepper crops. Symptoms on tomato leaves and fruits can be easily confused with those induced by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) with necrogenic satellite RNA (CMV-satRNA), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) or tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). Mixed infection of these viruses has been also reported in some tomato cultivars, with an increase in the complexity of the symptoms and severity of the disease. Although a specific serum and riboprobes have been produced, nowadays no sensitive diagnostic methods are available for the rapid PMoV detection. Here, we have developed a RT-qPCR assay with the aim to establish a more sensitive and specific method for PMoV detection. Specific primers and TaqMan probe were designed and in silico tested with all PMoV isolates available in GenBank. Moreover, this method was evaluated on tomato naturally infected samples from Sicily region (Italy). Results obtained showed that the RT-qPCR assay developed in this work is extremely sensitive, in fact, it is able to detect as few as 10 PMoV RNA copies in tomato total RNA; moreover, it will be a particularly valuable tool for early detection of PMoV. Furthermore, the analyzes on field samples show how this pathogen is increasingly present in tomato crops in the last years, helping to undermine the Italian horticultural sector.
Highlights
Vegetable crops represent one of the main sources of income and food worldwide
The reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) product of the ST-1 isolate used in this study showed the expected 1,146-bp size
The obtained sequence after cloning was trimmed in order to remove the external nucleotides, leaving only the coding region of the coat protein (CP) gene which showed a percentage identity of >99% with original ST-1 isolate (Galipienso et al, 2015)
Summary
Vegetable crops represent one of the main sources of income and food worldwide Among these crops of particular importance are tomatoes and peppers. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., family Solanaceae) is a very important vegetable crop cultivated worldwide, with an area harvested of over five million hectares and a worldwide production of over 180 million tons (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2021). Detection of PMoV by RT-qPCR production increased by more than 25 million tons (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2021). Another important horticultural crop is the pepper (Capsicum annuum L., family Solanaceae), that is cultivated worldwide in almost two million hectares, with a total production of 38 million tons.
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