Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the detection of oxygen sensing during intermittent hypoxia. Intermittent hypoxia is associated with a number of clinical conditions, including sleep apneas, apneas in premature infants, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis. Epidemiologic and cross-sectional studies on recurrent apnea patients have identified a strong association between apneas and serious cardiovascular disturbances, including the development of hypertension. Peripheral chemoreceptors, especially carotid bodies, sense the changes in arterial oxygen. Carotid bodies are located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and receive sensory innervation from the carotid sinus nerve, a branch of the 12th cranial nerve. Hypoxemia augments the sensory discharge of the carotid bodies, which in turn stimulates breathing and increases sympathetic nerve activity as well as blood pressure via reflex mechanisms, involving the central nervous system (CNS).. In this study, the rat model of intermittent hypoxia is presented. Experimental methods for exposure of rats to chronic intermittent hypoxia, the recording of carotid body sensory activity in vivo , the carotid body slice preparation and recording of ionic currents from glomus cells are described. Concepts related to membrane current recordings from rat carotid body tissue slices and monitoring of transmitter changes in carotid bodies are discussed as well.
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