Abstract
In this study we evaluated the trace metals and toxic residues of pesticides in commercial malta drinks sold in Nigeria markets. Residual concentrations of seventeen (17) chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace metals were determined in fifteen samples of three batches each of five selected brands of Malta drink sold in Nigeria markets. Gas Chromatograph-Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) were employed in quantitative analysis. The results revealed that all the malt drink analyzed have one or more OCPs detected. The presence of eleven (11) OCPs residue were detected at varying concentrations. The total burden of OCPs in the samples was in the following order: AMS > DUB > MAG > HIM > MLT. Trace metals results revealed that Cd was below detection limit in all the samples while Pb; Ni and Cr were above World Health Organization and United State Environmental Protection Agency (WHO/USEPA) limits for drinking water.
Highlights
Beverages are consumed in Nigeria regardless of age, gender and socio-economic background and play a vital function in refreshing and improving life
The limit of detection (LOD) for OCPs were obtained at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of three replicates while that of limit of quantification (LOQ) at S/N ratio of ten replicates for each pesticide, respectively
This study indicated the occurrence of OCPs with varying concentrations in the selected malt drink with AMS having the highest mean total burden of pesticides residue
Summary
Beverages are consumed in Nigeria regardless of age, gender and socio-economic background and play a vital function in refreshing and improving life. Organochlorines, like most pesticides, are persistent and toxic to biological organisms They resist chemical and biological degradation [12], have high lipophilic affinity [13] and have the ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify [14]. Municipal wastewaters are used for agriculture irrigation [20] They contain low concentrations of heavy metals, long-term use of these wastewaters for irrigation often results in the buildup of metals in soils [21]. These metals are taken up by the plants via their roots and are usually soluble ions in the form of organic or inorganic complexes. The consumers need to be re-assured that these beverages are free from pesticide residues and other toxic substances
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