DETECTION OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA USING PRE-TRAINED DEEP LEARNING MODELS.

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the 13th most common type of cancer, claimed 364,339 lives in 2020. Researchers have established a strong correlation between early detection and better prognosis for this type of cancer. Tissue biopsy, the most common diagnostic method used by doctors, is both expensive and time-consuming. The recent growth in using transfer learning methodologies to aid in medical diagnosis, along with the improved 5-year survival rate from early diagnosis serve as motivation for this study. The aim of the study was to evaluate an innovative approach using transfer learning of pre-trained classification models and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for the binary classification of OSCC from histopathological images. The dataset used for the experiments consisted of 5192 histopathological images in total. The following pre-trained deep learning models were used for feature extraction: ResNet-50, VGG16, and InceptionV3 along with a tuned CNN for classification. The proposed methodologies were evaluated against the current state of the art. A high sensitivity and its importance in the medical field were highlighted. All three models were used in experiments with different hyperparameters and tested on a set of 126 histopathological images. The highest-performance developed model achieved an accuracy of 0.90, a sensitivity of 0.97, and an AUC of 0.94. The visualization of the results was done using ROC curves and confusion matrices. The study further interprets the results obtained and concludes with suggestions for future research. The study successfully demonstrated the potential of using transfer learning-based methodologies in the medical field. The interpretation of the results suggests their practical viability and offers directions for future research aimed at improving diagnostic precision and serving as a reliable tool to physicians in the early diagnosis of cancer.