Abstract
Little is known on urine biomarkers that are associated with malignant behavior in patients with bladder cancer (BC). Our aim was to identify BC-related factors in urine samples using our original method "immune complexome analysis", based on detecting the immune complex (IC). Immune complexome analysis was performed using urine samples from 97 BC patients, including 67 with non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC). Eight IC-antigens were recognized as candidates for BC-related factors from 20,165 proteins. IC-serum albumin, -fibrinogen γ chain, -hemoglobin subunit α, -hemoglobin subunit β, -ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen β chain were significantly associated with either pathological features and/or outcome. IC-ceruloplasmin was most widely associated with pathological features in all BC patients and lamina propria invasion and urinary tract recurrence in NMIBC. Based on detection of IC-antigens it was demonstrated that six IC-antigens, especially IC-ceruloplasmin, are potential urine biomarkers in BC.
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