Abstract
Problem statement: Both M. genitalium and T. vaginalis were recognized as important cause of sexually transmitted infections in developed countries. This study investigated the prevalence of M. genitalium and T. vaginalis in general Jordanian patients and their role of causing genitourinary tract diseases. Approach: A cross sectional study of 383 Jordanian adult patients aged between 19-78 years were investigated for presence of M. genitalium and T. vaginalis at the urology and obstetric-gynecology clinics at the Jordan University Hospital in Amman. First voided urine specimens were tested using urine microscopy, PCR for M. genitalium and T. vaginalis as well as culture for T. vaginalis. Results: The incidence of M. genitalium was higher and statistically significant (17/188, 9%, p = 0.022) than T. vaginalis (3/188; 1.6%) among patients diagnosed with specific urinary symptoms and signs, while this incidence was less but also significant in asymptomatic patients ( 7/195, 3.6% versus 1/195, 0.5%, p = 0.031), respectively. M. genitalium infection was frequently observed with urinary frequency (76%) and dysuria (59%) among symptomatic patients and more common in men than women (65% versus 35%, p = 0.51) and in married than singles (76% versus 24%, p = 0.59). Dual infection with both organisms was not recognized. Conclusion: Infection caused by M. genitalium and T. vaginalis was associated with higher incidence rate in patients with symptomatic genitourinary disease. Therefore, screening for their occurrence in such patients is important.
Highlights
Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis are common cause of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in both men and women in developed countries[1,4] but their prevalence and pathogenesis in most developing countries including Jordan are still limited reported[5,6].Recently, M. genitalium has been recognized as a common infection associated with symptomatic urethritis and with a high prevalence of infected sexual partners supporting its role as a sexually transmitted infection[1,4,7,8]
The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of infection with M. genitalium and T. vaginalis and their association with common specific genitourinary features in general Jordanian patients
One study reported that T. vaginalis has been detected in 0.9% of women using cervical stained smears over a period of 3.5 years[6], while a study from Egypt showed that trichomoniasis symptomatic cases were detected more by PCR (91.3%) than by culture (72.9%) or other routine methods[17]
Summary
Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis are common cause of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in both men and women in developed countries[1,4] but their prevalence and pathogenesis in most developing countries including Jordan are still limited reported[5,6]. M. genitalium has been recognized as a common infection associated with symptomatic urethritis and with a high prevalence of infected sexual partners supporting its role as a sexually transmitted infection[1,4,7,8]. M. genitalium cause cervisitis, urethritis, pelvic disease and recently found more commonly in cervical canal of infertile women and its infection can be detected with high sensitivity by using urine specimen and PCR[7,9,10,11]. Recent studies showed that detection of T. vaginalis using urine or urethral swab specimens and PCR showed high sensitivity and positive results[13,14,15]. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of infection with M. genitalium and T. vaginalis and their association with common specific genitourinary features in general Jordanian patients
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