Abstract
IntroductionThe mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) like sequences have been reported to be present in some human breast cancers, but their association with breast cancer development is still controversial.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we investigated the status of MMTV-like in 42 tumor biopsies and 18 paired normal tissues from Moroccan patients with breast cancer. MMTV-like env sequences were identified by PCR and confirmed by direct DNA sequencing.ResultsSpecific MMTV-like env sequences were found in 24 (57.14%) cases of breast carcinomas, and 6 (33.3%) cases of matched normal breast tissues. Comparison to sociologic and clinicopathological parameters showed no significant association between the presence of MMTV-like sequences and age, menopausal status, histological subtype, histological grade, tumor size and the expression of hormone receptors (estrogen ER and/or progesterone PgR) and Her 2. However, a significant correlation was found between MMTV-like presence and parity (p = 0.024).ConclusionsThis present study confirms the presence of MMTV-like env sequences in breast cancer in Moroccan women, prompting further evaluation, on large sampling, to elucidate the probable causal roles of MMTV-like in breast cancer development.
Highlights
The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) like sequences have been reported to be present in some human breast cancers, but their association with breast cancer development is still controversial
DNA sequences showing homology to those of MMTV virus have been detected in human breast cancer, suggesting that this virus called MMTV-like, called Human Mammary Tumor Virus (HMTV), could be the human form of the MMTV and may be involved in the development of human breast cancer [6,7,8,9]
The aim of this study is to evaluate the involvement of MMTV-like in the development of breast cancer
Summary
The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) like sequences have been reported to be present in some human breast cancers, but their association with breast cancer development is still controversial. Multiple factors are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, including age, gender, ethnicity, past history of breast cancer, reproductive and hormonal factors, family history and genetic factors, exposure to ionizing radiation, and environmental and lifestyle factors [3]. Several studies have demonstrated the presence of MMTV-like env sequences in 30 – 40% of breast cancer cases in several Western countries including the United States, Italy, Brazil and Argentina [10] DNA sequences showing homology to those of MMTV virus have been detected in human breast cancer, suggesting that this virus called MMTV-like, called Human Mammary Tumor Virus (HMTV), could be the human form of the MMTV and may be involved in the development of human breast cancer [6,7,8,9].
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